Earth's Interior
List all 3 main layers of Earth AND the 6 Mechanical layers (layers within the main 3 layers).
Crust, Mantle, Core.
Continental crust, Oceanic crust, Lithosphere, Asthenosphere, Outer Core, Inner Core
S-wave, P-wave, Surface wave
Give the definition of a volcano.
A vent in Earth's crust through which molten rock flows
Name the most common mineral.
Quartz
As you get higher into the atmosphere, pressure____ (Increases or decreases?)
Decreases
List the 3 types of Plate Boundaries and their definition.
Convergent boundary: A plate boundary where two plates move toward each other
Divergent boundary: A plate boundary where two plates move away from each other
Transform boundary: A plate boundary where two plates slide past each other
Where do most earthquakes occur?
Along a plate boundary
All of the Hawaiian Islands are formed of this type of volcano
shield volcano
List the 5 requirements that must be present in order to be defined as a mineral.
Naturally occurring
Solid
Inorganic
Definite chemical composition
Crystal structure
List the 5 layers of the atmosphere in order from lowest altitude to the highest altitude.
Troposphere
Stratosphere
Mesosphere
Thermosphere
Exosphere
What landform is formed from converging plates? (continental crust)
Mountains
Explain what you recall about tsunamis.
A tsunami is a series of ocean waves caused by an underwater earthquake, landslide, or volcanic eruption. They can last for hours or days. They are deceivingly strong. They are different than a title wave.
Volcanoes that are not associated with plate boundaries are called
hot spots
True or False: Rocks are always minerals, but not all minerals are rocks
True
What is wind?
Wind is moving air that is caused by changes in air pressure
Two oceanic plates diverge, or move apart, and form a _____________ from the newly added crust
Mid-ocean ridge
the location on Earth’s surface directly above the earthquake’s focus
epicenter
Give a description of EACH different type of volcano.
Cinder cone: small, cone shaped volcanoes filled of scoria or cinder
Composite: tall, steep sided volcanoes made of alternating layers of magma and ash
Shield: large, gentle-sloped volcanoes that result from quiet eruptions
List 4 ways that we can identify minerals (there are 7 total)
Color
Streak
Luster
Density
Hardness
Crystal Systems
Cleavage and Fracture
Explain the difference between local winds and global winds.
Local winds cover very short distances. Global winds are large air masses that are created mainly as a result of the earth's rotation, the shape of the earth, and the sun's heating power.
List the 3 pieces of evidence that Wegener used to prove the Theory of Continental Drift.
1. shape of continents
2. fossils
3. climate
Seismologists use a method called _________ to locate an earthquake’s epicenter
triangulation
Explain the process of a volcano erupting.
Magma rises and collects in magma chambers. Eventually, some of the magma pushes through vents and cracks to the Earth's surface. Extreme pressure and heat from convection currents causes this rise in magma.
List the 3 main types of rocks and how each type forms.
1. Sedimentary: formed from pieces of other existing rock conglomerating together
2. Metamorphic: rocks that have been changed from their original form by immense heat or pressure
3. Igneous: formed when molten hot material cools and solidifies
Explain the difference between the Trade Winds and the Prevailing Westerlies.
The Trade Winds are steady winds that blow from east to west between 30°N latitude and 30°S latitude. The Prevailing Westerlies are steady winds that flow from west to east between latitudes 30°N and 60°N, and 30°S and 60°S.