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Daniel: In my Humanities course this week, we’re learning about common American hobbies. One such hobby is coin collecting. Beth: That sounds strange and uncommon. Why would someone have a hobby such as coin collecting? Daniel: ---- Beth: Well, it’s true that coins represent changes in trade as well as in international relations. However, it still seems like a strange hobby to me.
a) I’m not sure why someone would have a hobby like this. Perhaps people with large collections feel more powerful than those without.
b) Some would argue that coin collecting is related to history and economics. Therefore, this hobby covers a wide range of interests.
c) My father grew up in America and he collected coins because he wanted to learn about metals.
d) The reasons behind our hobbies are sometimes unexplainable. I do know that people appreciate money, so that could be why.
e) Our professor asked us that same question. I’m going to think about possible reasons this week.
b) Some would argue that coin collecting is related to history and economics. Therefore, this hobby covers a wide range of interests.
Jeff: The scale of natural catastrophes in the world reveals that something must be done as soon as possible. Just consider the fire in Australia in 2019. Amy: ---- Jeff: Neither. Actually, a more viable solution would be better. Amy: Well, I completely agree that urgent precautions are needed.
a) Can you please be more specific or at least give some clear examples as to how?
b) What are the two major actions you consider should be taken on this matter at hand?
c) Governments have neither action nor contingency plans for such a gravely important issue, don’t you think?
d) Do you mean harsh penalties or increasing ecological taxes?
e) I believe that more efforts should be made to increase public awareness of natural catastrophes. Would you agree?
d) Do you mean harsh penalties or increasing ecological taxes?
Hannah: The weather has finally warmed up! Time to bring out the spring wardrobe! Michael: You’re right, but for many of us that means the onset of allergies with sniffles and watery eyes. Hannah: ---- Michael: Actually a healthy diet is said to be the key. What we eat has the potential to prevent allergic reactions, like sneezing, from happening in the first place. Hannah: That’s great! Then everybody can find a way to enjoy outdoors in spring.
a) What other symptoms do people have when their spring allergy starts?
b) Which allergens should people watch out for during spring time?
c) Why don’t people prefer to stay indoors to deal with spring allergies?
d) How can people avoid allergies especially throughout spring?
e) How long are allergic people allowed to stay out when it is spring?
d) How can people avoid allergies especially throughout spring?
Elizabeth: Did you know that the rise of drug-resistant bacteria due to overprescription of antibiotics kills nearly one million people a year around the world? Philip: ---- Elizabeth: To address this, the UK government offered local health bodies an extra £5 in funding per patient if they cut prescribing antibiotics. Philip: Did it really work? Elizabeth: Well, one study has found that general practitioners began writing 3% fewer antibiotic prescriptions for respiratory infections.
a) Some family doctors in Australia and the UK use tests before they prescribe antibiotics.
b) Yeah that’s right, and many doctors unnecessarily prescribe the drugs for viral infections as well.
c) Fortunately, doctors have been successfully nudged to cut antibiotic use in recent years.
d) To be honest, governments should try raising patients´ awareness rather than interfering with the doctor’s business.
e) I heard that an initiative to curb the overuse of antibiotics was introduced, which dramatically lowered the rates.
b) Yeah that’s right, and many doctors unnecessarily prescribe the drugs for viral infections as well.
Student: I think for my final presentation I'm going to focus on culture and the characteristics of cultured people. Teacher: ---- Student: Well I like the topic because how people interpret it may vary greatly. To some, being cultured means being cultured in arts while for others it only refers to a good education. Teacher: I see your point now. Then, you will also need to address how complementary these two views are to each other.
a) Wouldn’t it be better if you also mention the mainstream culture in different societies to illustrate the common features of cultured people?
b) Why do you consider it as an issue worth discussing in detail? Isn’t it clear what we expect to find in these people?
c) Are you also interested in the definition of cultural events since it may provide clues about who to include as cultured or not?
d) Do you find cultured people who attend talks, exhibitions and music concerts more intriguing than ordinary ones?
e) What about also comparing the description of cultured people with those of intellectuals, artists, and literary figures?
b) Why do you consider it as an issue worth discussing in detail? Isn’t it clear what we expect to find in these people?
The most powerful ---- to parachuting is fear, but one should also take its high cost into account, as a total outfit for parachuting can be extremely expensive.
a)resemblance
b) adjustment
c) deterrent
d) submission
e) adherence
deterrent
Peanut may very well be the most common food allergy in some populations, but the ---- of a particular food allergy varies according to age and group.
a) utilisation
b) withdrawal
c) precaution
d) termination
e) prevalence
e) prevalence
Heating and cooling of the Earth are not ----, as it takes time for land, water, and air to either absorb heat and warm up or release stored heat and cool down.
a) hospitable
b) convertible
c) instantaneous
d) detrimental
e) preliminary
c) instantaneous
Since the mid-20th century, plastic pollution has increased ----, and resulting pollution has become a global environmental issue.
a) exponentially
b) conveniently
c) alternatively
d) precisely
e) fruitfully
a) exponentially
The most basic path to computer literacy is to ---- competence in using computers to perform personal or vocational tasks.
a) exclude
b) relieve
c) deteriorate
d) restrict
e) attain
e) attain
A seminal study ---- that people who ---- less than seven hours a night are at increased risk of mortality.
a) revealed / will sleep
b) has revealed / sleep
c) reveals / will be sleeping
d) will reveal / have slept
e) had revealed / had been sleeping
b) has revealed / sleep
People intuitively tend to equate happiness ---- freedom, however without obstacles ---- our desires it is harder to know what we really want, let alone fulfilling them.
a) between / on
b) with / to
c) at / into
d) in / among
e) for / from
b) with / to
The recent discovery of a toe made of wood and leather ---- to the mummified body of an Egyptian noblewoman in Cairo, approximately 3,000 years old, ---- that artificial limbs are nothing new.
a) attached / proves
b) being attached / had proven
c) attach / has proven
d) attaching / proved
e) to be attached / used to prove
a) attached / proves
Anorexia nervosa is a severe eating disorder, usually involving excessive weight loss ---- self-starvation, most often found ---- teenage girls.
a) at / with
b) from / of
c) for / between
d) by / on
e) through / among
e) through / among
With concerns ---- the rate of energy demand, the role of renewable energy, which is generated ---- sources that are naturally replenished, such as wind and sunlight, is becoming increasingly significant.
a) at / upon
b) in / for
c) to / through
d) about / from
E) over / into
d) about / from
Unless they regard the material they are taught as worth learning, ----.
a) classrooms are rather intricate microcosms where students spend a great deal of their life and find out who they are
b) time pressure under which most teachers work prevents them from meeting their students’ needs
c) students will not be motivated to take part in classroom activities and interact with each other
d) subjects related to students’ everyday experiences stimulate their interest and induce them to study with vigour
e) making learning process more enjoyable and interesting encourages further student involvement
c) students will not be motivated to take part in classroom activities and interact with each other
Individuals with social phobia fear being humiliated while doing something in public, ----.
a) because those who receive treatment can completely overcome their fears in social life
b) and therefore they will avoid any situation in which such participation may be required
c) as one of the most common manifestations of social phobia involves public speaking
d) although they have intense fears of social interactions, such as meeting others and dating
e) whereas it generally develops after puberty and peaks after the age of 30
b) and therefore they will avoid any situation in which such participation may be required
Because of the health hazards that lead poses for humans and other animals, ----.
a) tetraethyl lead, which releases free lead to the environment when broken down within an engine, has been banned for use as a gasoline additive
b) lead compounds were once widely used for paints as they covered surfaces well and were available in a number of vivid colours
c) lead has been popular as a covering for underground cables, such as buried cables that carry telephone messages
d) alloys of lead are quite popular for the manufacture of solders; for example, ordinary plumber’s solder contains about two parts of lead to one part of tin
e) today, physiologists understand that the human body is able to excrete about two milligrams of lead efficiently each day
a) tetraethyl lead, which releases free lead to the environment when broken down within an engine, has been banned for use as a gasoline additive
Unless rich countries help poor ones adopt greener technologies, ----.
a) some projects that lie in the heart of environmental protection could come to a halt
b) it is in their interest to help establish a sustainable energy future for all the world’s inhabitants
c) they barely depend on fossil fuels, which are damaging to both human health and the environment
d) every country, regardless of their economic power, is expected to contribute to global welfare
e) energy consumption in the rich world would always dwarf that in poor countries
a) some projects that lie in the heart of environmental protection could come to a halt
The popularity of many flat-faced dog breeds such as French bulldogs has risen dramatically in recent years ----.
a) because French bulldogs have short faces that can make breathing difficult
b) even though French bulldogs are not seen as dangerous as other dog breeds
c) although there are regular assertions that they are prone to many health issues
d) given that there is limited reliable evidence on the wider general health of flat-faced dogs
e) while it enables ongoing identification of breed health-related priorities
c) although there are regular assertions that they are prone to many health issues
Birinci Dünya Savaşı’ndan sonra Avrupa otomobil endüstrisi yavaş yavaş toparlanmaya başladı ancak nispeten düşük gelirler ve yüksek işletme maliyetleri gerçek anlamda bir seri otomobil üretiminin ortaya çıkmasını engelledi.
a) It was comparatively low incomes and high operating costs that hindered the emergence of a real mass production of automobiles although the European automobile industry started to make gradual progress after World War I.
b) Following World War I, the European automobile industry started to improve gradually; however, the factors that hindered the emergence of a real mass production of automobiles were relatively low incomes and high operating costs.
c) Whereas the European automobile industry began to recover slowly following World War I, the emergence of a real mass production of automobiles was delayed because of relatively low incomes and high operating costs.
d) The European automobile industry started to recover slowly after World War I, but relatively low incomes and high operating costs prevented the emergence of a real mass production of automobiles.
e) Having started to improve gradually after World War I, the European automobile industry prevented the emergence of a real mass production of automobiles due to comparatively low incomes and high operating costs.
d) The European automobile industry started to recover slowly after World War I, but relatively low incomes and high operating costs prevented the emergence of a real mass production of automobiles.
As well as being low in calories, vegetables are a rich source of vitamins and minerals and can help reduce the risk of many health problems.
a) Zengin bir vitamin ve mineral kaynağı olan sebzeler aynı zamanda düşük kalorili olduğu için birçok sağlık sorunu riskinin azaltılmasına yardımcı olabilir.
b) Sebzeler, düşük kalorili olmakla birlikte zengin bir vitamin ve mineral kaynağı olduğu için birçok sağlık sorunu riskinin azaltılmasına yardımcı olur.
c) Düşük kalorili olmalarının yanı sıra sebzeler, zengin bir vitamin ve mineral kaynağıdır ve pek çok sağlık sorunu riskinin azaltılmasına yardımcı olabilir.
d) Pek çok sağlık sorunu riskinin azaltılmasına yardımcı olan sebzeler, zengin bir vitamin ve mineral kaynağı olmakla birlikte düşük kalorilidir.
e) Sebzeler sadece düşük kalorili olmakla kalmayıp aynı zamanda zengin bir vitamin ve mineral kaynağıdır ve birçok sağlık sorunu riskinin azaltılmasına yardımcı olmaktadır.
c) Düşük kalorili olmalarının yanı sıra sebzeler, zengin bir vitamin ve mineral kaynağıdır ve pek çok sağlık sorunu riskinin azaltılmasına yardımcı olabilir.
İki farklı bakteri türü, insan vücudunun belirli bölgelerinde karşılaştıklarında antibiyotiklere karşı gösterdikleri alışılagelmiş tepkilerini bırakarak beklenmedik bir şekilde davranabilirler.
a) Two different types of bacteria are likely to act unpredictably when they meet in certain parts of the human body and abandon their usual responses to antibiotics.
b) When two different types of bacteria meet in certain parts of the human body, they can act unexpectedly, abandoning their typical responses to antibiotics.
c) When two different types of bacteria meet in certain parts of the human body, abandoning their typical responses to antibiotics can make them act unexpectedly.
d) The human body has certain parts where two different types of bacteria may act unpredictably when they meet and abandon their typical responses to antibiotics.
e) Meeting in certain parts of the human body, two different types of bacteria can act unexpectedly if they have abandoned their normal responses to antibiotics.
b) When two different types of bacteria meet in certain parts of the human body, they can act unexpectedly, abandoning their typical responses to antibiotics.
Being overweight after turning 60 may increase the risk of Alzheimer’s disease, but by losing weight, people may be able to hinder ageing of their brains and reduce the likelihood of memory problems later on.
a) Aşırı kilolu olmak, 60 yaşına gelindiğinde Alzheimer hastalığı riskini artırabilmektedir fakat kilo veren insanlar beyinlerinin yaşlanmasını engelleyerek sonrasında yaşanacak olan hafıza problemleri olasılığını azaltabilirler.
b) 60 yaşından sonra aşırı kilolu olmak, Alzheimer hastalığı riskini artırabilir ancak kilo vererek beyinlerinin yaşlanmasının önüne geçebilen insanlar sonrasında yaşanacak olan hafıza problemleri olasılığını azaltabilirler.
c) 60 yaşına geldikten sonra aşırı kilolu olanlar, Alzheimer hastalığı riskini artırabilmektedir fakat insanlar kilo vererek beynin yaşlanmasının önüne geçtiğinde sonrasında yaşanacak olan hafıza problemleri olasılığını azaltabilirler.
d) 60 yaşına geldikten sonra aşırı kilolu olmak, Alzheimer hastalığı riskini artırabilir ancak insanlar kilo vererek beyinlerinin yaşlanmasının önüne geçebilir ve sonrasında hafıza problemleri yaşama olasılığını azaltabilirler.
e) 60 yaş sonrası kilolu olmak, Alzheimer hastalığı riskini artırsa da insanlar beyinlerinin yaşlanmasını engellemek ve sonrasında hafıza problemleri yaşama olasılığını azaltmak için kilo verebilirler.
d) 60 yaşına geldikten sonra aşırı kilolu olmak, Alzheimer hastalığı riskini artırabilir ancak insanlar kilo vererek beyinlerinin yaşlanmasının önüne geçebilir ve sonrasında hafıza problemleri yaşama olasılığını azaltabilirler.
Önemli gelişmelere rağmen beynin tam olarak nasıl hesap yaptığı hâlâ çözülmemiş bir problemdir, çünkü nöronların bilgiyi nasıl kodladığıyla ilgili pek çok soru henüz cevaplanmamıştır.
a) The reason why there are still many unanswered questions about how neurons code information in spite of significant progress is that the problem of exactly how the brain computes has not been solved yet.
b) In spite of considerable progress, the problem of exactly how the brain can compute remains to be unsolved, as there are many unanswered questions about the way neurons code information.
c) Despite considerable progress, exactly how the brain computes remains an unsolved problem because many questions about how neurons code information have not been answered yet.
d) There has been considerable progress, but many questions about exactly how neurons code information remain unanswered, so the problem of how the brain can compute has not been solved yet.
e) While there has been significant progress, we still cannot solve the problem of exactly how the brain computes, as many questions about how neurons code information have not been answered yet.
c) Despite considerable progress, exactly how the brain computes remains an unsolved problem because many questions about how neurons code information have not been answered yet.