Atomic Theory
Draw an atom of Hydrogen, to the proper scale.
What type of particle did Rutherford's group fire at gold foil as part of their experiment that revealed atoms have nuclei?
Alpha Particles
Which type of radiation requires the strongest shielding to prevent penetration - alpha, beta, or gamma?
gamma
What element does not follow the Octet Rule when forming chemical bonds?
Hydrogen (only needs 2 electrons to fill the 1st energy level)
The electronegativity difference between two atoms is 0.3 What type of bond is most likely to form between them?
Non-polar covalent
Draw a diagram that accurately reflects how the Plum Pudding model describes an atom
Little negatively-charged electrons in a positively-charged "cloud"
Which particle has the smallest mass: Protons, Neutrons, or Electrons?
Which type of radiation is made up of photons?
Gamma
In a molecule of nitrogen gas (N2), how many electrons are being shared between the 2 atoms?
6 (it's a triple bond)
How many bonds does an atom of carbon need to form to completely fill its valence shell of electrons?
What experiment led to the concept of the nuclear atom?
Rutherford's Gold Foil Experiment
What is something that is true about every atom of nitrogen that currently exists in the entire universe?
They all have 7 protons
Which type of decay results in the production of an isotope with a larger atomic number than the starting isotope?
Beta (a neutron turns into a proton and an electron. Creating a proton raises the atomic number by 1)
Draw a Lewis Dot structure for ammonia (NH3)
N with 2 dots, and also 3 bonds (one bond going to each H atom)
What type of bond forms between atoms as a result of the TRANSFER of electrons?
Ionic Bond
Who is the first person to propose the idea that matter is made up of small, indivisible particles, according to historical records?
Democritus
Which of the 3 subatomic particles was the last to be discovered?
Neutrons (they have 0 charge, so they were the most difficult to detect with the tools available at the time)
5 half-lives
Name 3 elements that each have 5 valence electrons
N, P, As, Sb, Bi, Mc
As you move from left to right across the periodic table, does electronegativity increase or decrease?
Increase (elements get more "greedy" for electrons the closer they get to filling their valence shell)
Name something that is INcorrect about Dalton's atomic theory
All atoms of the same element are identical to each other in every way. (different isotopes have different masses!)
Atoms can't be subdivided
List everything that changes about an atom (and how much it changes by) if I were to remove a proton.
Charge drops by 1, mass number drops by 1, the element name changes (go back 1 on the periodic table)
Which type of decay is responsible for most of the helium present on earth?
Alpha
Draw a neutral atom of magnesium, with all the needed electron shells, putting the right number of electrons into each shell
2 electrons on the 1st level, 8 on the 2nd level, and 2 on the 3rd level
Why is a stream of water attracted to charged objects?
The Oxygen-Hydrogen bonds are polar. They are also at an angle off the oxygen atom, so water is a polar molecule (one side has a slight positive charge, the other side has a slight negative charge)