Cell Cycle
...When the DNA is coiled up and condensed so that it can easily be sorted during cell division?
chromosome
How many daughter cells will mitosis produce?
2 daughter cells
How many daughter cells will meiosis produce?
4
During which phase of the cell cycle does a cell spend most of its time doing "normal" cell things like growing and making proteins?
Interphase (made up of G1, S, G2)
...When the DNA is in a relaxed state so that it can be used by the cell during interphase?
chromatin
You have no way of knowing which sperm cell will fertilize which egg. This is called _____.
random fertilization
How do the genetic contents of the daughter cells produced in mitosis compare to the original cell?
The genetic contents (chromosomes) are identical
How do the genetic contents of the daughter cells produced in meiosis compare to the original cell?
They are genetically different (containing HALF the number of chromosomes as the original)
The division of the cytoplasm is called _____.
Cytokinesis
...When there are 2 identical copies of the same chromosome attached at the center such as during prophase of mitosis?
sister chromatids
The random alignment of chromosomes during metaphase is referred to as _____.
independent assortment
In what stage do sister chromatids line up down the center of the cell in preparation of being separated?
metaphase
In what stage do homologous chromosomes pair up?
prophase I
If a cell is not correctly following the cell cycle, it could lead to the cell dividing too frequently. What could this cause?
apoptosis or a tumor (or cancer)
homologous chromosomes
When sister chromatids become entangled and exchange bits of genetic material, we call it _____.
crossing over
In what stage does the DNA condense into chromosomes and the nuclear envelope dissolve?
prophase
In what stage do homologous chromosomes get pulled apart toward opposite ends of the cell?
During which specific phase of the cell cycle does a cell make a copy of its DNA?
Synthesis phase (S phase)
How does crossing over during meiosis contribute to the creation of 4 genetically unique haploid cells?
The exchange of DNA between 2 chromosomes leads to an unlimited number of possible genetic combinations.
In anaphase, the sister chromatids are pulled toward opposite ends of the cell. Why is this important?
It ensures each daughter cell gets one copy of each chromosome.
In what stage do sister chromatids line up down the center of the cell?
metaphase II