Applied Statistics
Term describing the relationship between age and height (r = .43)
What is a Positive Correlation
Term for defining one conceptual variable in multiple ways (e.g., self-report, behavioral, physiological).
What is operationalization
Explanation for why a child's tantrums increase over time if a parent pays more attention to their child during their aggressive outbursts
What is positive reinforcement
The psychological symptom associated with PTSD in which a trigger (e.g., fireworks) leads one to relive a traumatic experience (e.g., time on the battlefield)
What is a flashback
The defense mechanism in which someone falsely attributes their own unacceptable feelings or impulses onto another
What is projection
Term describing the relationship between number of binge drinking episodes and GPA (r = -.54)
What is a negative correlation
If 10 different therapists use the same diagnostic tool to assess the same patient, and they come to the exact same conclusion, then we could claim that the diagnostic tool has high ______.
What is reliability
Explanation for how an aversive event (e.g., getting caught in a riptide) can lead someone to become terrified of the ocean
What is classical conditioning
Term describing multiple psychiatric conditions (e.g., patient has depression, social anxiety, and OCD)
What is comorbidity
Model describing how vulnerabilities (e.g., genetics; abusive parents) and traumas (e.g., abandonment; drug overdose) interact to yield psychiatric disorders
What is the Diathesis Stress Model
Type of design in which IQ or personality assessments, for example, are conducted once a year for 10 years
What is a longitudinal design
Term describing when a self-report scale of emotion regulation, for instance, appropriately measures what it is supposed to (e.g., construct of emotion regulation).
What is validity
Explanation for why drinking alcohol to make traumatic memories go away increases alcohol use over time
What is negative reinforcement
Daily fluctuations in activity, sleep, hormones, and body temperature (and relevant to the mood disorders)
What is circadian rhythm
Theory underlying the therapeutic approach in which clinicians teach members of a family to communicate more effectively
What is Family Systems Theory
The variable (e.g., number of friends) that explains the relationship between an X (e.g., depression severity) and Y (e.g., functional impairment) variable.
What is a mediator
When a researcher randomly selects participants from a population as a way of increasing external validity
What is random sampling
The explanation for why spanking children may lead to a short-term decrease in their rowdy behavior
What is positive punishment
Mood state describing when someone is not at either extreme, but rather, is feeling neutral
What is euthymia
Examples of this in cognitive theory might be: "I am worthless" or "Nobody loves me", and they give rise to automatic thoughts
What is a core belief
The variable (e.g., presence of family support) that strengthens or weakens the relationship between X (e.g., eating disorder severity) and Y (e.g., engagement in therapy) variables
What is a moderator
Ideal way of placing participants into different treatment conditions (as part of a psychological intervention study), which increases internal validity
What is random assignment
Explanation for why taking a teenager's phone away when he misses curfew may lead to greater curfew adherence in the future
What is negative punishment
Personality trait that describes individuals who have difficulty coping with stress and are experiencing significant emotional instability
What is neuroticism
A parent who voices self-sacrificing attitudes, hostility, and criticism towards their child with psychiatric symptoms, and this then increases the likelihood of the child's relapse or re-hospitalization
What is high expressed emotion