disease control
Disease occurring at irregular intervals
What is sporadic disease?
The way in which a pathogen enters the body
What is a portal of entry?
an effort to prevent a disease before it happens
What is primary prevention?
immediate transfer of an agent from a host/reservoir to a susceptible host
What is direct transmission?
a person who has been diagnosed with a health-related state or event
What is a case?
Disease that belongs to a particular population; often present in low levels
What is an endemic?
Disease transmission that occurs when the pathogen leaves the reservoir through a portal
What is a portal of exit?
activities such as health screening and early detection to improve the likelihood of cure and reduce chance of disability and/or death
What is secondary prevention?
vector-borne disease transmission processes that occur when the pathogen uses a host as a mechanism for a ride, for nourishment, or as part of a physical transfer process
What is mechanical transmission?
the first disease case in a population
What is a primary case?
A higher than expected number of cases, or a case in a new area
What is an outbreak?
An infected individual that contains, spreads, or harbors an infectious organism
What is a carrier?
limiting disability by providing rehabilitation where a disease, injury, or disorder has already occurred and caused damage
What is tertiary prevention?
transfer of a pathogen to a susceptible host by a vector, with the pathogen undergoing reproduction, developmental changes, or both while in the vector
What is biological transmission?
a person who becomes infected by the primary case after the disease has been introduced into the population
What is a secondary case?
A sudden rise in the number of cases of a disease, above a normally expected level; can often follow patterns
What is an epidemic?
a nonliving intermediary that conveys an infectious agent from its reservoir to a susceptible host
What is a vehicle?
What is active primary prevention?
transfer of a disease via something like a needle
What is vehicle-borne transmission?
an individual who has all the signs of a disease or condition but has not been diagnosed
What is a suspect case?
A disease spread over multiple countries/continents that usually affects a large number of people
What is a pandemic?
the habitat in or on which an infectious agent lives, grows, and multiplies and on which it depends for its survival in nature
What is a reservoir?
no behavior change on part of individual to prevent a disease or disorder
What is passive primary prevention?
transfer of a disease by an invertebrate animal
What is vector-borne transmission?
the first disease case brought to the attention of the epidemiologist
What is an index case?