Patterns of Evolution
Formation of new species from existing species
Speciation
When two unrelated species evolve similar adaptations to their environment. Another pattern of evolution.
Convergent evolution
If you poison a population and some of them survive to reproduce offspring who are not affected by the poison. What have you accidentally selected for?
Resistance
Producing more offspring than will survive
overproduction of offspring
All vertebrates have similar embryos. What does this suggest?
They have ancestors in common.
Burst of evolutionary Change followed by stability
Punctuated equilibrium
Evolution on a small scale. One population
micro evolution
Adaptations
An organism lives in the forest eating dead leaves. Within the population some are nocternal, some are diurnal.
Variation
How can we study the ways organisms may have once used vestigial structures?
Fossil records
Multiple species evolving from a common ancestor
divergent evolution
A single cell divides into four cells in this process. makes a variety of gametes.
meiosis
Main source of genetic diversity
Mutations
Overtime, bacteria become resistant to antibacterial medicine.
Descent with modification
This famous person studied finches and other populations in the Galapagos islands.
Darwin
Slow evolution over a long period of time
Gradualism
Regular cell division making copies of cells as part of growth and maintenance
mitosis
survival of the fittest. Survivors live long enough to reproduce
natural selection
Over time, emus that can outrun invasive predators become more common.
Descent with modifacation
Populations change over time as offspring ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ) desirable traits from their parents.
Inherit
When two organisms evolve in response to one another. A very close relationship.
Coevolution
Mating and reproduction is not random.
Sexual selection
Cell division that does not increase genetic diversity or adaptations that can be passed on to offspring
mitosis
Some mice are red and some mice are blue. They live on red rocks and predators eat more blue mice. What is the adaptation some mice have.
Red color
Name two trends in hominid evolution
big brain, bipedal, use of tools, smaller jaw size