1
At least half the cells in/on the body are apart of microbiota which include:
Bacterial, Fungal and Viral Cells
A bacterium’s DNA is located in its __________.
Cytosol
Which of the following is a structure of bacteria that produces proteins?
Ribosomes
Which of the following structures do bacteria not have?
A. Cell Membrane
B. Golgi Apparatus
C. Protein
D. Capsule
Golgi Apparatus
Which structure protects bacteria from drying out?
Capsule
How are archaea different from bacteria?
They do not contain peptidoglycan in their cell walls.
Bacteria and archaea reproduce through:
Binary fission, budding, fragmentation
What are the common shapes of archaea?
Spherical, rod, spiral
What are the steps of binary fission?
One bacterium, DNA replicates, cell membrane pinches in, two bacteria
In bacterial reproduction, daughter cells are:
Identical to each other and the parent cell
To escape poor conditions such as extreme heat or cold, some bacteria form:
Endospores
What are the roles of bacteria?
May contribute in health, “Fix” nitrogen, enabling plants to use it to grow, within ruminants in cattle/sheep/goats: helps digest cellulose
Bacteria are found in the digestive system of ruminants to help
Breakdown cellulose
The __________________ is a tail-like structure found on bacteria that allows movement.
Flagella
Bacteria can share their plasmids through a process called:
Conjugation
Prokaryotes are classified in kingdoms ________________ and __________________.
Archaea and Bacteria
What is decomposition?
Process that recycles matter from waste materials and the remains of plants and animals back into soil to be reused.
Define the structure of a virus:
No cytosol, organelles, cell membrane.
____________________ are bacteria that have become resistant to one or more types of antibiotics.
Superbugs
Besides handwashing, name two other ways that you can limit the spread of viral infections.
Covering cough, eating balanced diet, exercise
Why do bacteria not completely fill the earth given that they reproduce so rapidly?
The conditions necessary for rapid growth do not exist very long. Lack of food, moisture, and oxygen limit bacterial growth. Furthermore, as bacteria reproduce, the amount of resources available for each bacterium decreases.
List the first 3 viral reproduction in order.
1- Virus attaches to the host cell: goes through cell membrane
2- Virus injects nucleic acid into the host.
3- Viral nucleic acid uses cellular machinery to make more viruses.
List the last 4 stages of viral reproduction in order
4- Virus destroys the cell by bursting it open and escaping to infect new cells. (active)
5- Some viruses remain inactive for months-years(latent)
6- Each time the host goes through mitosis, the viral DNA is replicated and passed to the daughter cells.
7- Something signals the virus active: destroys host cells and starts infections
List at least two foods for which bacteria are essential in making:
Cheese, green olives, yogurt, pickles, and salami
What is a virus?
A nucleic acid surrounded by a protein coat that uses other cells to reproduce