Key Terms
the enforced separation of different racial groups
What is SEGREGATION?
includes the right to free speech, free press, freedom of religion, freedom to assemble, freedom to petition the government
What is the 1st AMENDMENT?
Established "judicial review"
What is MARBURY v MADISON?
impact of this case was the resignation of a U.S. president; strengthened the rule of law
What is U.S. v. NIXON?
What is the RULE OF LAW?
state and local statutes that legalized racial segregation
What were JIM CROW LAWS?
includes the right to counsel and right to a fair, speedy trial by jury
What is the 6th AMENDMENT?
What is BROWN v. BOARD OF EDUCATION?
What is MIRANDA v. ARIZONA?
system of rules that deal with cases involving a person under age 18 who commits a crime
What is JUVENILE LAW?
power of the courts to review the actions of the executive and legislative branches
What is JUDICIAL REVIEW?
What is the 5th AMENDMENT?
established the doctrine "separate but equal"-- segregation is legal as long as the separate facilities are equal
What is PLESSY v. FERGUSON?
students "do not shed their 1st amendment rights [of freedom of expression] at the schoolhouse gate"
What is TINKER v. DES MOINES?
person’s refusal to answer a question on the grounds that the answer might incriminate the person
What is "PLEADING THE FIFTH"?
Fifth and Sixth Amendment rights that police must inform suspects of "prior to interrogation"
What are MIRANDA RIGHTS?
What is the 2nd AMENDMENT?
said segregation violated the 14th amendment equal protection clause and required schools to desegregate
What is BROWN v BOARD OF EDUCATION (OF TOPEKA, KS)?
said both juveniles and adults are entitled to the due process rights in the 5th & 6th amendments (due process is guaranteed in the 14th amendment)
What is IN RE GAULT?
decisions that will guide future cases
What are PRECEDENTS?
a decision by the U.S. Supreme Court to hear an appeal from a lower court
What is WRIT OF CERTIORARI?
states that no State may deny citizens from equal protection under the law
What is the 14th AMENDMENT?
dealt with the 6th amendment right to counsel
What is GIDEON v. WAINWRIGHT?
said the principal had the authority to censor a school sponsored newspaper
What is HAZELWOOD SCHOOL DISTRICT v. KUHLMEIER?
government has to follow rules and established procedures in everything it does (discussed in 5th and 14th amendments)
What is DUE PROCESS?