Bowel Obstruction
Name the two causes for a bowel obstruction and give an example of each.
Mechanical=adhesions, tumor, fecal impaction
Non-mechanical= ileus
What is GERD??? What causes it?
Reflux of stomach acid into the esophagus caising inflammation and erosion.
What are the two most common areas for an ulcer to form?
Gastric and duodenal
When is colon cancer screening recommended in the United States?
What test do we do to find colon cancer?
A colonoscopy is recommended at age 45 years old or earlier if there is a family history.
Name the two most common causes of pancreatitis.
Gallstones and alcohol
What is the greatest complication of an obstruction?
Perforation
Name 4 clinical manifestations of GERD?
Chronic cough, hoarseness, difficulty swallowing, heartburn, adult onset asthma, atypical chest pain
What bacteria is the most common cause of an ulcer and why?
H Pylori is believed to be found on contaminated food or due to unsanitary conditions.
name at least four risk factors for colon cancer.
Smoking, alcohol, fam8ily history, IBD disease, high fat diet, sedentary lifestyle
What diagnostic test is done to retrieve gallstones from a client?
ERCP= Endoscopic retrograde Cholangiopancreatography
Name three clinical manifestations of an obstruction.
Abdominal distention
Hypoactive or absent bowel sounds
Vomiting
Loose, liquidy stool
Abdominal pain
What kinds of medication can be used to treat GERD?
Antacids, PPI's, H2Antagonists
What kind of ulcer is painful with eating and why?
gastric ulcers...your stomach anticipates food and stimulates gastric acid production.
Name at least four clinical manifestations of colon cancer.
fatigue, change in bowel habits, ribbon stools, hematochezia, melena, weight loss, anemia, bowel obstruction
What is Grey Turners sign and why does it happen?
It is internal bleeding in the flank area caused by the autodigestion of the pancreas.
What diagnostic test helps us determine the cause and location of the obstruction?
An abdominal cat scan.
Why is it suggested to eat six small meals???
To decrease pressure in stomach and reduce large amounts of acid in stomach at one time.
Name a PPI and tell what it does.
A PPI blocks the final pathway of gastric acid production.
Omeprazole, lansoprazole, rabeprazole, Pantoprazole
What is a FOBT and why do we have it done?
Fecal Occult Blood Test is done to assess for microscopic bleeding in the colon.
Why do clients with acute pancreatitis need to be on an insulin drip?
The pancreas is in charge of making insulin and if it is not functioning well the client will become hyperglycemic.
List five nursing interventions for a client with a bowel obstruction.
Assess bowel sounds.
Keep NPO. provide oral hygiene
Manage pain
Encourage ambulation
Monitor NGT drainage for color and amount
Administer IVF and electrolyte replacements.
Why is medication adherence so important?
Because Barretts esophagus can occur and it can lead to esophageal cancer.
Name 3 things to avoid if you have an ulcer.
Alcohol, smoking, hot or cold drinks, caffeine, dairy products, meat extracts
What is a stoma and what color should it be?
A stoma is an opening in your abdomen that a surgeon makes so that stool can leave your body.
What two lab values are increased with pancreatitis?
Amylase and lipase