Lecture 1 (Part 1)
What is the purpose of the course?
To introduce students to the systematic comparative study of the structures of Modern English and Uzbek/Russian
By contrast tell the tenses of Russian and Uzbek languages (Contrastive typology)
There are three main Tenses in Russian and two different finite forms
There are 10 Tenses in Uzbek all in all
What are "language universals"?
They are the features common to all languages
What is the difference between Quantitative typology and qualitative typology?
Quantitative typology deals with statistical analysis of language units compared, that is in what language there are more or fewer means of language unit types, whereas qualitative typology studies qualitative features in language structures, that is in types of language units (for eg. absence of gerund in Uzbek, and of "равишдош" or "деепричастие" in English)
In this course we will learn the three main systems of the Compared Languages, they are : . . .
1) phonological; 2) grammatical; 3) lexical
DIFFERENTIAL LINGUISTICS(it is a synonym of . . .)
confrontative linguistics
Metalanguage is . . .
1) It is a language that the investigation is written or described in
2) It is the corpus of terminology covering the investigated theme or topic
Tell the type of the languages compared:
1.analytical
2. . .
3. . .
a) analytical language (Isolated, amorphic) b) synthetic language c) flective language
There are certain correlations between the comparative typology and the other branches of general linguistics based on . . .
the method of comparison (comparative method)
. . . is a new branch of linguistics that studies any two languages in everyday close contact(like Uzbek and Russian, or Chinese and English in Honkong, etc), establishing factors of substratum, superstatum and adstratum and revealing the factors that precondition the latter.
CONTACT LINGUISTICS
What type of language is either an artificial or natural language, which has all necessary features of human language and it is a system of terms needed for describing categories of any language?
Etalon language
Phonological typology often has the same power of generalization as the examples of typology discussed above. True - False
False - Phonological typology often does not have the same power of generalization as the examples of typology discussed above.
What branch of general linguistics studies the degree of relationship (kinship) and origin of languages by establishing genetic links between languages compared main purpose being restoration of the parent language (праязык - бобо тил)?
COMPARATIVE HISTORICAL LINGUISTICS
. . . or characterology studies all formal and functional units (means) of a given language at a given moment in the context of general linguistics
CHARACTEROLOGICAL LINGUISTICS
Bonus!!!
400
Allomorphic features are not similar features, but dissimilar ones, where as isomorphic features are similar features - True or false
True
AREAL LINGUISTICS studies . . .
languages irrespective of theirareal, geography and kinship with the purpose of establishing allomorphic (ноухшаш) and isomorphic (ухшаш) features that is similarities and dissimilarities of the compared languages
In any linguistic research or analysis of the languages in comparison/contact the following main . . . principles of comparative typological analysis are advisable to be applied
effective and tested
What is the difference between universal typology and special typology?
1) universal typology (tries to study all languages both living and dead with the purpose of establishing universal(constant ) features of thw world languages). 2) special typology (studies at least two languages). Our course may be called special typology (comparative typology of English and Uzbek)
Bonus!!!
500