Anatomy
What are the 6 organs in the digestive system?
1. oral cavity
2. pharynx
3. esophagus
4. stomach
5. small intenstine
6. large intestine
When do you need to use a grid?
when the body part is >10 cm thick
What is the IR size for the Abdominal?
And
What is the minimum Kvp range for Analog and Digital?
IR size - 35x43 cm (14x17 inches).
And
Analog- 70 to 80 kvp range and Digital 80+5/-5 kvp Range.
When doing a mediolateral position for the second digit which side of the thumb should be placed?
Thumb side down.
What is osteoporosis?
What is the most distal part of the upper limbs?
your phalanges
how do we reduce the radiation dosage to the patient?
by abiding by ALARA and giving clear instructions to the patient
Gonadal shields are larger for men or women? Why?
For men as women have essential anatomy you don't want to cover up
Where is the CR directed for thumb x-ray?
And
Where is the CR directed for finger x-ray?
IP (Interphalangeal)
And
PIP (proximal interphalangeal)
What condition leads to inflammation of the intestinal walls?
Chron's disease
the liver, the gallbladder, right kidney, and the head of the pancreas
How should your arm be placed in order to avoid superimposition during a forearm x-ray?
AP -- supination
make exposure at end of respiration so that the diaphragh doesn't superimpose
What x-ray position should you use to analyze fat pads of the elbow joint? Bonus points: how can you tell on xray that they are fat pads?
True lateral view
Bonus: more radiotranslucent
How should you take an xray of a trauma patient?
on the stretcher itself
What are the three concentric arcs of the elbow in a lateral view?
1. trochlear sulcus
2. trochlear notch of the ulna
3. outer ridges: capitulum and trochlea
What's the superior margin of the abdomen?
the xiphoid process
Which position should be used to demonstrate free air to rise or fluid levels to rise within the abdominal cavity?
And
What is the minimum for the patient to be on their side before exposure?
Left lateral decubitus position.
And
Minimum (5 minutes) to allow air to rise or fluid levels to rise.
what's the IR size for a finger x-ray?
8 x 10 in
What is the bone that you can palpate on the wrist?
ULNAR styloid process
What 10 organs can you see in a KUB series?
1. bowel
2. small intestine
3. large intestine
4. kidneys
5. stomach
6. liver
7. spleen
8. kidney
9. bladder
10. ureters
What are the 5 topographic landmarks of the pelvis?
1. illiac crest
2. ASIS
3. pubic symphisis
4. greater trochanter
5. ischial tuberosity
how long should a patient be erect for a ap projection erect x-ray? why?
minimum of 5 mins, but best if 10-20 mins -- to see interperitoneal air
What's the patient positioning for a modified Robert's method (AP axial projection)?
extend arm and rotate hand internally until posterior thumb rests on IR
What are the different range exposures for each type of cast?
1) Small to medium plaster cast
2) Large plaster cast
3) Fiberglass cast
1) Increase 5kv to 7kv
2) Increase 8kv to 10kv
3) Increase 3kv to 4kv