Ions
A charged particle is called a...?
Ion
Is a transfer of electrons involved in ionic bonding?
Yes, ionic bonding involves a transfer of electrons.
Is there a transfer of electrons in covalent bonding?
No, in covalent bonding electron pairs are shared.
Name four elemental metals.
Lots of possibilities - iron, zinc, tin, mercury, gold, silver, palladium, copper, lead, and beryllium are just a few.
True or false: A molecule with evenly distributed charges is polar.
False. A polar molecule has unevenly distributed charges.
A cation has what type of charge?
A cation has a positive charge.
What are substances made of ionically bonded molecules called?
Substances made of ionically bonded molecules are called compounds.
How many types of covalent bonding are there?
There are three types of covalent bonds: single, double and triple bonds.
How tightly do metals "hold onto" their valence electrons?
Not very tightly! Metals easily give up their valence electrons.
True or false: Polarity refers to the overall charge of a molecule.
False. Polarity refers to uneven charge distribution within the molecule, not to its overall charge.
Name the elements most and least likely to ionize (form an ion).
Francium is most likely and helium least likely to ionize.
Why are atoms held together after trading electrons?
After trading electrons, atoms have opposite charges, which attracts them to each other.
Covalent bonding tends to occur between which group(s) on the periodic table?
Covalent bonding tends to occur between non-metals, or between non-metals and metalloids.
Explain the term "electron sea".
Name an example of a polar molecule.
Water (H2O) is a classic example of a polar molecule.
How does the number of electrons in an anion compare to the number in a neutrally charged molecule of the same type?
The anion will have more electrons than the neutrally charged molecule.
Ionic bonding tends to occur between which groups on the periodic table?
Ionic bonds tend to form between metals and non-metals.
What's an example of an element that will covalently bond with itself?
Hydrogen (H2), nitrogen (N2), oxygen (O2), chlorine (Cl2), fluorine (F2), and carbon (C2) will all bond covalently with themselves.
Name three characteristics of metal caused by metallic bonding.
Metallic bonding is responsible for metals' luster, conductivity (both of heat and electricity), malleability, and ductility.
Name two characteristics influenced by polarity.
Polarity influences solubility, boiling point, surface tension, and evaporation.
Describe the octet rule.
The octet rule states that atoms tend to react in a way that will lead to the filling of their outer electron shell (which usually houses eight electrons).
Give an example of an ionic bonding reaction.
Sodium reacting with chlorine to create table salt is a common example of an ionic bonding reaction.
Name a covalently bonded substance (that is not an element).
Water (H2O) is a typical covalently bonded substance.
Name two characteristics that alloying can impart to metals
Alloying a metal can make it stronger, harder, and more resistant to corrosion.
Polarity can only exist in which type of bond and why?
Polarity can only exist in covalent bonds because only covalent bonds share electrons within a single molecule, and can therefore share them unequally (which is what causes polarity).