The Circulatory System

Heart Structure

100

In which chamber of the heart is oxygenated blood coming from the lungs collected?

Left Atrium

200

What is the role of the coronary artery?

It provides the heart with oxygen and nutrients

300

True or False: The vena cava collects oxygenated blood into the left atrium.

False. They collect deoxygenated blood into the right atrium.

400

What valve is found between the left atrium and left ventricle?

Bicuspid Valve/Mitral Valve

500

Outline the pathway of blood, starting from when deoxygenated blood enters the heart, up to when oxygenated blood exits the heart.

Deoxygenated blood enters the right atrium through the vena cavae. Then, it goes into the right ventricle, from where it is pumped out to the lungs through the pulmonary trunk. After being oxygenated, the blood is transported into the left atrium via the pulmonary veins. The blood then enters the left ventricle, after which it leaves the heart via the aorta.

Blood Vessels

100

Blood cells make their way through a capillary...

Hint: what is the diameter of a capillary relative to a blood cell

one cell at a time

200

What is a property of arteries?

a. Arteries have elastic walls 

b. Arteries have valves

c. All arteries carry oxygenated blood

d. Arteries receive blood from the Atria

a. Arteries have elastic walls

300

What structure transports gas and nutrients from the blood vessels to the surrounding tissues?

The Capillaries

400

Which of the following is true about the human circulatory system?

a. Veins have a higher blood pressure than arteries

b. The pulmonary artery and vena cava both carry deoxygenated blood

c. Valves are found in arteries and veins but not capillaries

b. The pulmonary artery and vena cava both carry deoxygenated blood

500

Label the three main types of blood vessels

Heartbeats and Blood Pressure

100

What does the body use to control the heartbeat?

I. Adrenaline  II. Pacemaker  III. Nerves from brain

A. II and III only

B. I and II only

C. I, II and III

D. I and III only

c. all

200

What is the role of the SA node and AV node?

The SA (sinoatrial) node generates an electrical signal that causes the upper heart chambers (atria) to contract. The signal then passes through the AV (atrioventricular) node to the lower heart chambers (ventricles), causing them to contract, or pump.

300

The adrenal gland secretes a hormone that changes the heart beat. What is this hormone called and how does it modify the heart beat?

Epinephrine - Increases the heart rate

400

List in order the four locations through which an electrical signal is transmitted in the heart. 

1. SA node

2. AV node

3. Bundle of HIS

4. Purkinje fibres

500

You have an individual who desires to know if they are within the healthy range for heart rate. You grab their wrist (with prior acknowledgement of respectful consent) and glance at your diamond Rolex to start count. In 15 seconds you have counted 19 heartbeats.  

What is the resting heart rate of your patient? Do they have a healthy heart rate?

76 beat per minute

19 x 4 = 76

OR 19 x 60 /15 = 76

Yes. It is healthy.

Circulatory System Diseases

100

Congrats to the lucky team for getting a 100 free points ;)

Although to gain an additional 100 points, tell us what is the term that refers to the narrowing of the lumen in atherosclerosis?

Stenosis is the reduction of the lumen’s diameter

200

Explain the root causes of atherosclerosis

Accumulation of plaque due to sedimentation of lipids and cholesterol. 

300

Explain why heart attack or stroke is inevitable if untreated/unmonitored in cardiac diseases such as atherosclerosis and hypertension.  

Its the nature of these diseases to cause narrowing of the arteries which increases the risk for a blood clot blocking blood flow. 

400

What blood pressure leads to a diagnosis of high blood pressure or hypertension?

Anything measuring over 140 mmHg / 90 mmHg.

500

Coronary heart disease is a type of heart disease where the arteries of the heart cannot deliver enough oxygen-rich blood to the heart. It is the leading cause of death in the United States. There are eight distinguished risk factors for this disease. List at least three of these factors. 

hint- you were provided with an acronym for this in the powerpoint.

Remember A GODDESS kills

Age, Genetics, Obesity, Diseases, Diet, Exercise, Sex, Smoking

[explanation below]

Age – Blood vessels become less flexible with advancing age

Genetics – Having hypertension predispose individuals to developing CHD 

Obesity – Being overweight places an additional strain on the heart

Diseases – Certain diseases increase the risk of CHD (e.g. diabetes)

Diet – Diets rich in saturated fats, salts and alcohol increases the risk

Exercise – Sedentary lifestyles increase the risk of developing CHD

Sex – Males are at greater risk due to lower estrogen levels

Smoking – Nicotine causes vasoconstriction, raising blood pressure

General

100

Who was the person who came up with the modern model of the circulatory system?

William Harvey

200

Name the components of blood.

1. Plasma

2. Red Blood Cells

3. Buffy Coat (white blood cells and the platelets)

300

Name the three functions of the circulatory system.

1. Transportation of nutrients, gases, hormones, and wastes

2. Regulation of temperature

3. Protection and Repair

400

What was Galen's belief concerning the systems of arteries and veins?

He believed that arteries were part of a completely different blood system than veins and that the 2 of them were connected through invisible pores.

500

How was Galen's theory on the production of blood proven wrong?

Through a series of experiments, William Harvey found that the volume of blood that is pumped every beat is too high for it to be able to be produced by the liver.