Lecture 2
The driving force of ion flow across the cell membrane
What is Electrochemical Gradient?
How RMP is determined
What is the relative permeability of each ion?
Ion concentrations at rest (not specific, which is more concentrated outside and inside)
What is more sodium in the extracellular space and more potassium in the intracellular space?
NT released the neuromuscular junction
What is Acetylcholine?
The two byproducts of diffusion
What are electrical potential and electrical current?
Can shift potential more readily than NA+, and has a higher permeability to boot
What is K+?
Voltage gated sodium channels are concentrated here for AP generation
Explain the ion selectivity mechanism in voltage gated Na+ channels
A hydrated sodium ion makes a complex with the carbonyl group within the channel, allowing it to pass. A partially hydrated K+ ion would be too large?
The passive spread of depolarization
What is electrotonic conduction?
Presynaptic membrane differentiation that is the site of NT release
What is the active zone?
Ohm's Law Equation
I = g x V = V/R
or
I = g (Vm-Eion)
The two relevant K+ Channels (and the one we didn't discuss as much)
What are, Voltage gated K+, Two-pore K+, and Ca2+ activated K+?
The reason K+ opens more slowly than Na+
What is Na+ voltage gated channel opens faster than K+ voltage gated channels due to its three functional states, and K+ channel ends up staying open longer since there is no such activation?
The reason only 5/25 got a response on the histogram where NT are released in discrete packets
150nM Concentration
What is the concentration outside for Na+ and Cl-?
Explanation of anesthesia
Anesthesia increases the ion flow of leak K+ channels and the K+ ion shifts towards equilibrium potential, and increases the threshold for action potential firing???
Explanation of further depolarization
Type of channel located at presynaptic terminal