CH 10: Context for Development
Children who attend child-care centers in the United States tend to be more:
A) polite.
B) dependent on adults.
C) independent of adults.
D) compliant with adults.
C) independent of adults.
Jamie collects coins and has been able to organize them by country and metal. What aspect of concrete operations is Jamie exhibiting?
A) conservation
B) classification
C) planning
D) metacognition
B) classification
Which of the following describes the effect of schooling on memory?
A) Schooling has no effect on memory.
B) Schooling increases children's overall memory capacity.
C) Schooling appears to teach children strategies for remembering.
D) Schooling has no effect on the ability to reflect on one's own memory.
C) Schooling appears to teach children strategies for remembering.
The key to developmental changes in friendship during middle childhood is:
A) maturation.
B) game playing.
C) moral reasoning.
D) the ability to take another's perspective.
D) the ability to take another's perspective.
While the results of studies are mixed, the overall effect of early maturation for girls appears to be:
A) minimal.
B) short-lived.
C) more negative than positive.
D) more positive than negative.
C) more negative than positive.
Jennifer lives with her mother, father, husband, and daughter. Jennifer lives in a(n) ____________ family.
A) nuclear
B) extended
C) single parent
D) multi-parent
B) extended
Today's intelligence tests assume intelligence involves all of the following EXCEPT
A) processing speed
B) working memory
C) creativity
D) visual spatial reasoning
C) creativity
Top-down mathematics instruction begins with:
A) drill and practice on basic procedures.
B) teaching strategies such as inversion.
C) reciprocal teaching.
D) problems that relate to children's real-world experiences.
D) problems that relate to children's real-world experiences.
Bullies tend to:
A) have poor social-information processing skills.
B) pick on a small percentage of school children.
C) use their well-developed social-information processing skills in an antisocial way.
D) not be popular.
C) use their well-developed social-information processing skills in an antisocial way.
Another name for formal operations is ____________ because at this stage children can apply operations to operations.
A) second-order operations
B) concrete operations
C) double operations
D) abstract operations
A) second-order operations
Parents who demonstrate the authoritative pattern control their children by:
A) using physical punishment.
B) explaining their rules or decisions.
C) setting lower standards for their children's behavior.
D) encouraging their children to be dependent.
B) explaining their rules or decisions.
All of the following are types of intelligences that are part of Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences EXCEPT:
A) linguistic.
B) bodily-kinesthetic.
C) personal.
D) romantic.
D) romantic.
Enriched experiences in rhyming, breaking down words into syllables, and language games such as pig Latin help children learn:
A) one-to-one symbol-word correspondence.
B) that written symbols on a page carry meaning.
C) to link sounds and letters.
D) about the one-to-one correspondence between letters and phonemes.
C) to link sounds and letters.
Beth is in middle childhood and thinks that the way her mother dresses is embarrassing. She is experiencing a process known as:
A) social reorientation.
B) coregulation.
C) de-idealization.
D) parental ethnotheory.
C) de-idealization.
A pattern in which the average age of puberty in developed countries declines across decades is referred to as:
A) secular trend.
B) precocious puberty.
C) late maturation.
D) early maturation.
A) secular trend.
Concerns about television viewing revolve around all of the following EXCEPT:
A) children's difficulties in distinguishing between appearance and reality.
B) children's difficulties in comprehending what they watch due to the pace and segmentation of scenes.
C) children's exposure to objectionable content such as violence and stereotypical social roles.
D) children's viewing habits in relation to their neighborhood context.
D) children's viewing habits in relation to their neighborhood context.
Concrete operational thinking allows children to mentally:
A) combine, separate, order, and transform objects and actions.
B) form conceptual categories.
C) represent events from the past.
D) direct action toward abstract concepts.
A) combine, separate, order, and transform objects and actions.
Ms. Gui is an elementary school teacher. When she asks a student to give an answer that she already knows, she is using:
A) drill and practice.
B) practical knowledge.
C) instructional discourse.
D) metacognitive discourse.
C) instructional discourse.
Sarah is concerned with social standards and rules when she thinks about moral dilemmas. Kohlberg would say that she is at the ____________ level of moral development.
A) preconventional
B) conventional
C) postconventional
D) unconventional
B) conventional
Piaget felt that formal operational thinking differed from concrete operational thinking because it allows the individual to finally:
A) mentally combine, separate, and order objects and actions.
B) use logic in his reasoning.
C) realize that certain properties of an object will remain the same even if other superficial ones are altered.
D) systematically solve problems by considering all possible combinations of variables.
D) systematically solve problems by considering all possible combinations of variables.
Although rare in the animal kingdom, when cooperative breeding occurs, this results in:
A) fewer births.
B) premature births.
C) prolonged periods of childhood dependency.
D) low birth weight.
C) prolonged periods of childhood dependency.
Identity refers to understanding that:
A) properties of an object change when the object looks different.
B) one mental operation can be reversed by the effects of another.
C) changes in one aspect of a problem are compensated for by changes in another.
D) changes limited to outside appearance do not change the amounts involved.
D) changes limited to outside appearance do not change the amounts involved.
When Mr. Johnson and a small group of students read silently through a portion of text and then take turns leading a discussion of its meaning, what has taken place?
A) reciprocal teaching
B) integrated teaching
C) collaborative teaching
D) individualized teaching
A) reciprocal teaching
According to Erikson, the main challenge of middle childhood is that of industry versus inferiority, meaning that a child establishes a sense of:
A) self.
B) identity.
C) intimacy.
D) competence.
D) competence.
Scholars have speculated that in early adolescence there is a gap between intense emotions triggered by pubertal hormones and the brains' ability to regulate them. The adolescent is especially vulnerable to risk-taking, recklessness, and emotional problems until:
A) the maturation of synapses in the brain is complete.
B) the maturation of the frontal lobes is complete.
C) the maturation of the hypothalamus is complete.
D) the set-point is hit on the hormonal feedback loop.
B) the maturation of the frontal lobes is complete.