Board review 6/1/2022

Preventive medicine

100

USPSTF recommendation for AAA screening?

One time screening for men 65-75 years old who have ever smoked

https://www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/abdominal-aortic-aneurysm-screening

200

Breast cancer screening recommendation USPSTF

Women age 50-74 years old recommended to be screen for breast cancer every other year

https://www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/breast-cancer-screening

300

According to CDC, it is recommended to screen for Autism Spectrum Disorder during this age.

18 month and 24 months

https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/autism/addm-community-report/delay-to-accessing-services.html#:~:text=The%20American%20Academy%20of%20Pediatrics,the%20child's%20behavior%20and%20development.

400

HPV vaccination age, schedule, number of doses?

Age 9-14: 2 doses (2-6 months apart)

Age 15 and above: 3 doses (month 0, 1-2, and 6)

https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/vpd/hpv/hcp/administration.html#:~:text=Dosage%20and%20Schedule,-CDC%20recommends%20routine&text=HPV%20vaccination%20is%20administered%20as,years%2C%20and%20for%20immunocompromised%20persons.

500

Shingrix vaccine age recommendation and schedule in average risk patient

Can start vaccination at age 50.

2 doses, has to be 2-6 months apart between each dose

https://gskpro.com/content/dam/global/hcpportal/en_US/Prescribing_Information/Shingrix/pdf/SHINGRIX.PDF

Cardiology

100

CHA2DS2-VASc score to start anticoagulation in person with atrial fibrillation to prevent stroke

CHA2DS2-VASc score of

- 2 or more in men

- 3 or more in women

https://www.uptodate.com/contents/atrial-fibrillation-in-adults-selection-of-candidates-for-anticoagulation?search=chadvasc2&source=search_result&selectedTitle=1~50&usage_type=default&display_rank=1#H1185097653

https://www.acc.org/-/media/Non-Clinical/Files-PDFs-Excel-MS-Word-etc/Guidelines/2019/2019-Afib-Guidelines-Made-Simple-Tool.pdf

200

This anti-diabetic drug class is recommended for patient with Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction?

SGLT-2 inhibitor

(Jardiance, Farxiga, Invokana)

https://www.jacc.org/doi/epdf/10.1016/j.jacc.2021.12.012

300

What is the reversal agent for beta-blocker overdose?

IV glucagon

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6144498/#:~:text=Because%20it%20may%20bypass%20the,h%2C%20titrated%20to%20patient%20response.

400

Coumadin (Warfarin) inhibits the synthesis of these clotting factor/protein.

What are factor II, VII, IX, X, protein C and S?

https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2010/009218s108lbl.pdf

500

This type of heart disease is caused by sudden release of catecholamine, which can lead to Left Ventricle Apex balooning.

What is Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy? (Apical Balooning syndrome)

https://www.uptodate.com/contents/clinical-manifestations-and-diagnosis-of-stress-takotsubo-cardiomyopathy?search=takotsubo%20cardiomyopathy&source=search_result&selectedTitle=1~112&usage_type=default&display_rank=1

ID

100

This pathogen causes 90% of the Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome cases in children

STEC (Shiga-Toxin producing E. coli)

https://www.uptodate.com/contents/overview-of-hemolytic-uremic-syndrome-in-children?search=hemolytic%20uremic%20syndrome&source=search_result&selectedTitle=1~150&usage_type=default&display_rank=1#H12590518

200

Top 2 causes of bacterial meningitis in Neonate.

Group B strep

E. coli

300

Top 2 pathogens causing Community acquired pneumonia?

Strep. pneumo

H. influenzae

https://www.uptodate.com/contents/overview-of-community-acquired-pneumonia-in-adults?search=community%20acquired%20pneumonia&source=search_result&selectedTitle=2~150&usage_type=default&display_rank=2#H1473949351

400

First line treatments for C. diff infection?

PO vancomycin or Fidaxomicin

https://www.uptodate.com/contents/clostridioides-difficile-infection-in-adults-treatment-and-prevention?search=c%20diff%20colitis%20treatment&source=search_result&selectedTitle=1~150&usage_type=default&display_rank=1#H2363774448

500

In HIV patient, when CD4 count =< 200. You give _____ (medication) as prophylaxis to prevent infection by ______ (pathogen/name of disease also acceptable)

Medication - Bactrim (TMP-SMX). Others include Dapsone, atovaquone

Pathogen - pneumocystis jirovecii (pneumocystic pneumonia)

https://www.uptodate.com/contents/overview-of-prevention-of-opportunistic-infections-in-patients-with-hiv?search=hiv%20prophylaxis&source=search_result&selectedTitle=1~150&usage_type=default&display_rank=1#H2272523353

Women health/pregnancy

100

ACOG recommendation for Group B strep screening

36 week - 37 (6/7) week GA

https://www.acog.org/clinical/clinical-guidance/committee-opinion/articles/2020/02/prevention-of-group-b-streptococcal-early-onset-disease-in-newborns#:~:text=Regardless%20of%20planned%20mode%20of,a%20previous%20GBS%2Dinfected%20newborn.

200

This vitamin should be given 1 month prior to conception and at least the first 12 weeks of pregnancy to prevent neural tube defect during pregnancy

What is folic acid/vitamin B9?

https://www.acog.org/womens-health/faqs/nutrition-during-pregnancy

300

USPSTF recommendation for when to screen gestational diabetes in asymptomatic pregnant person

At least 24 weeks gestation and after

https://www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/gestational-diabetes-screening

400

Per CDC and ACOG, Tdap should be given during this time frame of pregnancy (gestational age)

27-36 weeks GA

https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/pregnancy/hcp-toolkit/tdap-vaccine-pregnancy.html#:~:text=Pregnant%20women%20should%20receive%20Tdap,is%20recommended%20during%20each%20pregnancy.

500

This infection, occurs commonly in women, presents with thin, foul, green/yellow, frothy discharge. Can cause dysuria, dyspareunia, "punctate hemorrhage cervix"

What is trichomoniasis?

https://www.uptodate.com/contents/trichomoniasis?search=trichomonas&source=search_result&selectedTitle=1~110&usage_type=default&display_rank=1#H4

Potpouri

100

The longest nerve in human body

What is sciatic nerve?

200

Stage this CKD: GRF = 46

CKD stage 3b (GFR 30-44, moderate to severely decreased)

300

6-8 weeks after recovering from diverticulitis, this procedure is recommended to assess extent of diverticular disease, and rule out colonic malignancy

What is colonoscopy?

https://www.uptodate.com/contents/acute-colonic-diverticulitis-medical-management?search=diverticulitis%20colonoscopy&source=search_result&selectedTitle=1~150&usage_type=default&display_rank=1

400

The anatomic landmark that differentiates upper vs. lower GI bleed

What is Ligament of Treiz?

https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/body/21619-ligament-of-treitz#:~:text=Helps%20anchor%20the%20duodenum%20(first,upper%20or%20lower%20gastrointestinal%20bleed.

500

In childrenm this disease presents with high fever, skin rash, conjunctivitis, swollen neck lymph node, swelling of hand, and red tongue

What is Kawasaki Disease?

Mnemonic: CRASH and BURN

https://www.uptodate.com/contents/kawasaki-disease-clinical-features-and-diagnosis?search=kawasaki%20disease%20in%20pediatrics&source=search_result&selectedTitle=1~150&usage_type=default&display_rank=1#H7