Psychological needs
What is the need for autonomy?
To feel that your free will is the cause of your own actions, rather than to feel that external forces caused your actions.
Out-performing or doing better than others in competitive tasks.
What is Explicit Motive?
It resembles a value a person placed on a stimulus or activity.
What is an Incentive?
An external stimulus that motivates or induces behavior to occur, such as a promise.
What is Cognitive Evaluation Theory?
A person evaluates the reason for her behavior. If the reason is external, then this results in a decline in intrinsic interest in the task.
What is the need for Closure?
The desire to seek a definite answer or conclusion to a question or topic in contrast to an ambiguous or confusing conclusion.
What is the Contingency of Virtue?
Follow ethical principals or abide by a moral code.
What is Implicit Motive?
The capacity of a person to experience pleasure when the individual interacts with a need-relevant incentive.
What is an Incentive Amount?
The quantity of or number of incentives. For Example: $20 is a larger incentive than $10.
What is Prospect Theory?
It views positive incentives as gains and negative incentives as losses. Also, the psychological impact of a loss is stronger than the impact of a gain.
What is the need for Power?
To exert influence over others, to be in charge, to be noticed, & to emotionally affect others.
What is the Contingency of Family Support?
Approval, acceptance, care, & love of family members.
What is Intimacy Motive?
People are motivated to form warm, close, or communicative social relationships with others because of the positive feelings that this brings.
What is Incentive Value?
The attractiveness of an incentive that is based on objective properties such as number or amount.
What is Temporal Motivation Theory?
It maintains that the utility (usefulness) of an incentive depends on the value of the expected incentive and when it becomes available in the future.
What is the need for Self-Esteem?
To feel like you are a worthy & confident person, as good as anyone, & that you deserve the respect of others.
What is the Contingency of God’s Love?
Belief that one is loved & valued by God; feeling of religiosity.
What is the Motive to Avoid Failure?
It is the disposition to experience fear or anxiety about failing an achievement task. Opposite of the need to achieve.
What is Incentive Contrast?
A shift in incentive value (amount or quality). The ability of an incentive to motivate depends on how it differs (contrasts) from prior incentives.
What is Fechner’s Law?
Stimulus–response relationship characterized by equal increases in stimulus intensity produces smaller and smaller increases in sensations.
What is the need for Cognition?
To engage in & enjoy thinking in order to organize, summarize & evaluate information.
What is the Contingency of Academic Performance?
getting high grades, doing well in school, or high on teachers’ evaluations.
What is the Motive to Achieve Success?
It is the disposition to engage in task-oriented behavior or achievement behavior to surpass a high standard of excellence. Identical to Need to Achieve.
What is the “Losses Loom Larger than Gains” Principal?
The loss of an incentive is more dissatisfying than the gain of an incentive is satisfying.
What is the Law of Hedonic Contrast?
The pleasure a stimulus provides depends on if it contrasts with sources of lesser pleasure (displeasure) or sources of greater pleasure (less displeasure).