1
Procedure by which a decision to accept or reject a lot is based on the results of inspection of samples (ASQ, 1998).
What is Acceptance sampling?
A bar chart representing a frequency distribution of a process variable or product characteristic (ASQ, 1998). A graphic summary of variation in a set of data. It is one of seven tools of quality (QP,2002).
What is a Histogram?
The application of statistical techniques to control quality, includes statistical process control (QP, 2002).
What is Statistical quality control?
Action on a nonconforming product to make it conform to the requirements (ISO 9000:2000).
What is Rework?
An optimal material requirement planning system for a manufacturing process in which there is little or no manufacturing material inventory on hand at the manufacturing site and little or no incoming inspection (QP, 2002).
What is Just-in-time (JIT) manufacturing?
A definite quantity of some product manufactured under con-ditions of production that are considered uniform (QP, 2002).
What is a Lot (batch)?
A systematic representation of the sequence of steps or operations used in the production or manufacture of a particular food item (Codex Alimentarius, 1997). A pictorial representation of a process indicating each of the branches and main steps in order of performance (ASQ, 1998). See also: flowchart. The preparation of a process flow diagram is one of the steps in the development of an HACCP plan for a food item.
What is a Flow diagram?
Procedures, including good manufacturing practices that address operational conditions providing the foundation for the HACCP system (NACMCF, 1997).
What are Prerequisite programs?
Part of quality management focused on fulfilling quality requirements (ISO 9000:2000). The operational techniques and activities that sustain a quality of product or service that will satisfy given needs; also the use of such techniques and activities.(ASQ, 1998) The operational techniques and activities used to fulfill requirements for quality (QP, 2002).
What is Quality control?
Sometimes called continual improvement.The ongoing improvement of products, services, or processes through incremental and breakthrough improvements (QP, 2002).
What is Continuous improvement (CI)?
Statistically calculated extreme values of a process or product, outside of which a process is considered to be out of statistical control; not to be confused with specification limits, tolerance lim-its, or critical limits (ASQ, 1998). The natural boundaries of a pro-cess within specified confidence levels, expressed as the upper control limit (UCL) and the lower control limit (LCL) (QP, 2002).
What are Control limits?
Usually a graph of groups or individuals of a process parameter sampled at regular intervals and plotted on a format that includes statistical process limits (ASQ, 1998). A chart with upper and lower control limits on which values of some statistical mea-sure for a series of samples or subgroups are plotted. The chart frequently shows a central line to help detect a trend of plotted values toward either control limit. It is one of the seven tools of quality (QP, 2002).Control charts are commonly used in statistical process control. There are several types of control charts; the most commonly used are the control chart for variables and the control chart for attributes.
What is a Control chart?
Management system to direct and control an organization with regard to quality (ISO 9000:2000). A formalized system that documents the structure, responsibilities and procedures required to achieve effective quality management.
What is a Quality management system?
Part of quality management focused on providing confidence that quality requirements will be fulfilled (ISO9000:2000). All those planned or systematic actions necessary to provide adequate confidence that a product or service will satisfy given needs (ASQ, 1998). All the planned and systematic activities implemented within a quality system that can be demonstrated to provide confidence a product or service will fulfill requirements for quality (QP, 2002).
What is Quality assurance?
Any biological or chemical agent, foreign matter, or other substances not intentionally added to food, which may compromise food safety or food suitability (Codex Alimentarius, 1997).
What is a Contaminant?
The assurance that food will not cause harm to the consumer when it is prepared and/or eaten according to its intended use(Codex Alimentarius, 1997).
What is Food safety?
Used for analyzing process dispersion, it illustrates the main causes and subcauses leading to an effect (symptom). It was developed by Kaoru Ishikawa and is also referred to as the Ishikawa diagram and the fishbone diagram because of its shape.It is one of the seven tools of quality (QP, 2002).
What is a Cause-and-effect diagram?
Ability to trace the history, application or location of that which is under consideration (ISO 9000:2000). The ability to trace the history, application, or location of an item and like items or activities by means of recorded identification (ASQ, 1998).
What is Traceability?
The limits within which a tool or process operates, based upon minimum variability as governed by the prevailing circumstances (ASQ, 1998). A statistical measure of the inherent process variability for a given characteristic (QP, 2002).
What is Process capability?
An affirmative indication or judgement that a product has met the requirements of a relevant specification, contract, or regulation (QP, 2002).
What is Conformance?
Nonfulfillment of a requirement (ISO 9000:2000). A departure of a quality characteristic from its intended level or state that occurs with severity sufficient to cause associated product or service to meet a specification requirement (ASQ, 1998). The nonfulfillment of a specified requirement (QP, 2002).
What is Nonconformity?
A bar chart or graph of the frequency of product or process measurements. The bars are plotted in order of frequency. The graph may be expressed in numbers or cumulative percentages(ASQ, 1998). A graphical tool for ranking causes from most significant to least significant. It is based on the Pareto principle which was first defined by J.M. Juran in 1950. The principle, named after nineteenth-century economist Vilfredo Pareto, suggests that most effects come from relatively few causes; that is, 80% of the effects come from 20% of the possible causes. It is one of the seven tools of quality (QP, 2002).
What is a Pareto chart?
Document stating requirements (ISO 9000:2000) A document that states the requirements to which a given product or service must conform (QP, 2002).
What is a Specification?
Action taken to eliminate the cause of a potential non-conformity or other undesirable potential situation.
What is Preventive action?
The state of an organization that meets prescribed specifications, contract terms, regulations, or standards (QP, 2002).
What is Compliance?