Intro to UA, Collection and Processing
Funnel-shaped tube carrying urine from the kidney to the urinary bladder
Ureter
1. Gloves
2. Face shield
3. Lab coat
What is the purpose of Insulin?
-Lower blood glucose
Define homeostasis, give an example
Steady balance for equilibrium
-Blood glucose level
What are the major plasma electrolytes?
Cations- sodium potassium
Anions- chloride bicarbonate
What type of urine specimen is required to be cultured for bacteria
Yellow pigment that gives urine its color
2 major hormones that maintain blood glucose concentrations in the normal range
Glucagon
Difference between qualitative and quantitative test?
Qualitative = presence/absence
Quantitative = amount of substance
Potassium is important in maintaining the muscular activity of the _____
Heart
The hormone that stimulates RBC production in the bone marrow
Erythropoietin
Name 2-light sensitive substances in the urine
Urobilinogen, Bilirubin
The fecal occult blood test detects bleeding in the ______?
1. Gastrointestinal tract
2. Colon
What analytes are used to assess hydration, acid-base balance and heart/muscle function?
electrolytes
(Na, K,Cl, Bicarbonate)
Increased blood levels of what lipid other than cholesterol can be a predictor of increased risk of coronary heart disease
Triglycerides
List 3 analytes measured in a 24-hour urine sample
protein, calcium, metabolic products, drugs, creatine, hormones, uroilonogen, amino acids, heavy metals
Describe a calcium oxalate crystal
-Colorless
- Refractile
- Octahedral
- Envelopes
- Having x interesting the crystals
What is the principle of the Guaiac test.
Alpha guaiaconic acid+H2O -----> Blue Quinone compound
In glucose testing, postprandial refers to?
What are the 2 fractions of cholesterol commonly measured in clinical chemistry
-HDL -LDL
1. Elimination of metabolic & toxic waste products from the body
2. Regulation of acid-base balance (pH)
3. Regulation of the composition and volume of body fluids
4. Production and excretion of urine
5. Production of hormones necessary for the proper function of body tissues and organs
Name 3 chemical tests on a urine dipstick you would expect to be positive for a patient who has a UTI?
1. Leukocyte Esterase
2. Blood
3. Nitrite
What are 3 disadvantages of the Guaiac Test
1. Not specific for blood
2. Not specific for colorectal bleeding
3. Does not detect 100% colorectal cancers
4. Food/drug interactions
Glucose analysis method use what 3 enzymes
Glucose oxidase
Hexokinase
Glucose dehydrogenase
How do you calculate a patient's risk of a heart attack using cholesterol levels
LDL/HDL ratio