Anatomy / History
Definition of meningitis
Inflammation of meninges
What's the classical Triad of Meningitis
Headaches
Fever
Nuchal rigidity
What are the 3 paraclinical exams that can be done for the diagnosis?
Head CT
LP
CBE of CSF
PCT, HC...
Name 3 most common Bacteria for babies under 3 months
Strep B / E.Coli K1 / Listeria
Name two ways that lead to the infection
Direct Spread
Hematogenous
Name to Manoeuvres in the examination of the patient
Kernig
Brudzinski
How is the LP done?
Cleaning the site ( Asepsia )
Between L3-L4
Name 3 most common Bacteria for babies over3 months
Pneumococcus H.Influenzae Meningococcus
What's the meningitis belt?
High numbers of infections in Africa, from Senegal to Ethiopia
What are non specific symptoms to look for in infants?
Hyper/Hypothermia, Lethargy, Vomiting, Seizures...
Name Counter indications of LP
Cardiorespiratory instability, Local infection, Focal neurological signs, Thrombocytopenia < 50.000 Coagulopathy
Name 3 most common virus for babies
Enterovirus
Coxsackie Virus
Echovirus
Mumps Virus ( TN )
When was the first case of meningitis described?
18th Century, By Robert Whytt
What germ is the petechial rash characteristic of?
Meningococcal Meningtis
Describe a viral meningitis
Clear CSF
10-1000 WBC
> 50% Lymphocytes, Low PNN
What's the TTT for Viral Meningitis?
Symptomatic / antiviral if HSV
What are the signs of gravity of meningitis?
Hemodynamic: Tachycardia, Cool extremities, Collapsus Dermatological: Purpura, Necrotic rash Neurological: Seizures, Coma
Describe a bacterial meningitis
Purulent CSF
> 100 WBC with > 90% PNN
Low glucose levels ( Less than 2/3 glucose blood levels )
What's the ATBprophylaxia for Meningococcus?
For those who have been in close contact
Rifampicine twice / D