Dr. Pavlick
Light enters the eye through this structure
What is the cornea?
Risk factors for developing pterygium
Sun, wind, dust
What is the pathogen for acute otitis media, chronic otitis media, and external otitis.
2. Chronic otitis media/External Otitis: Pseudomonas
While volunteering at a shelter you are treating a patient who is complaining of a sore throat. The patient has a low grade fever, and a friable pseudomembranous exudate on the nasopharynx/tonsils. What condition does this patient most likely have?
Diptheria
What condition is Sara showing on a different slide
Retinoblastoma
These two structures make up the ciliary body
What is the ciliary process and ciliary muscle
Two conditions that must have the patient transported supine, but elevated
Retinal Detachment
Hyphema
Cholesteatoma is a build up of...
Keratin, desquamated epithelial cell collection
Two medications that can cause rhinitis medicamentosa
Oxymetazoline, Phenylephrine
What is the condition Sara is showing on a different screen?
Central Retinal Artery Emboli
The difference between phototransduction and photoreception
Phototransduction: Converts light energy to electrical energy
Photoisomerization: Light strikes the eye, converting the retinal in rhodopsin beginning transduction.
A 60 year old patient presents to your office with a chief complaint of "having a hard time seeing." The patient denies any eye pain, but describes a gradual decrease in visual acuity in his central field of vision. What condition is this patient likely suffering from?
Macular degeneration
A six year old patient presents to your office and her mom says that she's had a fever and chills. The little girls constantly pulls at her ear and upon physical exam you notice swelling and fluctuance behind her ear. What is the diagnostic of choice for this condition?
CT
A patient presents to your ER complaining of difficulty breathing, eating and swallowing. Upon examination you notice a brawny and indurated neck and their tongue is elevated due to the amount of swelling in their chin. What is the most common origin of this infection?
(Ludwig's Angina) Dental procedure
The most common ocular malignancy and which layer it usually occurs in
Malignant melanoma from the choroid layer
The five structures of the olfactory cortex and their functions
Piriform Cortex and Olfactory Tubercle= Conscious Perception of Smell
Amygdala= Emotion and Motivation
The Entorhinal Cortex and hippocampus= Memory
A patient presents to your office after having experienced a brief loss of vision. While he can see now he says that it was like a curtain came down over his eye and then his vision returned in a few minutes. Name two diagnostic tests that are appropriate to determine the underlying pathology of this condition.
EKG
Carotid Ultrasound/MRA
A 20 year old patient presents to your office noting that she has had increasing difficulty hearing out of her left ear. She notes that her father also had this condition. Wielding your trusty tuning fork you also note that this hearing loss appears to be conductive. What is this condition and the definitive treatment?
Otosclerosis
Surgery
A four year old presents to your office complaining of sore throat, fever, headache and mild abdominal cramps. On physical exam you notice beefy red, kissing tonsils. The criteria based on clinical predictors of this disease are called what and what are they?
Centaur Criteria:
No viral symptoms (no cough/coryza/congestion), Fever >100.4, Cervical adenopathy, Tonsillar exudates
Name the 4 types of conjunctivitis and how you can differentiate them for eachother as well as treatments.
1. Allergic- ropey discharge, chemosis, antihistamines, cold compress
2. Viral- Watery Discharge, preauricular adenopathy supportive care
3. Bacteria- Purulent discharge, Erthromycin/Purulent discharge
4. Chemical- Irrigation
Name the bones and holes that the cranial nerves enter/exit through
CN1: Ethmoid bone, Olfactory Foramina, CN2: Sphenoid, Optic Foramen, CN3,4, 5-1, 6: Superior Orbital Fissure of Sphenoid, V2: Foramen Rotundum, Sphenoid, V3: Foramen Ovale of Sphenoid, 7-8: Acoustic Temporal Meatus of Temporal; 9,10,11: Jugular Foramen between Temporal and Occipital, 12: Hypoglossal canal of Occipital
A positive Seidel sign is associated with what condition?
Globe Rupture
Differentiate the following conditions:
1. Meniere's Disease
2. Vestibular Neuritis
3. Acute Labyrinthitis
1. Episodic Tinnitus, Ear fullness, Vertigo, LFSNHL
2. Continuous, Severe Vertigo
3. Severe Vertigo, Tinnitus, Hearing loss, usually following an ear infection or viral infection
A 16 year old presents to your office complaining of being extremely fatigued for the last month. She is tired all the time, has a low grade fever, and has no appetite. On physical exam you note posterior cervical adenopathy. While looking at the back of her throat you notice some exudate. How is the exudate for this illness commonly described?
Shaggy white-purple
Name the different types of papillae for the anterior, middle and posterior tongue. Additionally name which cranial nerves would innervate them, in addition to the epiglottis and palate.
Anterior/Lateral: Fungiform, Cranial Nerve 7
Middle: Foliate, Cranial Nerve 7
Posterior: Circumvallate, Cranial nerve 9
Epiglottis: 10, Palate 7