Survey
Water Systems
Water Treatment Products
Water Testing and Chemistry
Grab Bag
100
1 lb of steam at atmospheric pressure and at 212°F is the equivalent of how many BTU?
970.2 BTU
100
Name the three mechanisms of mineral scale formation in cooling towers.
1. Supersaturation
2. Nucleation
3. Crystal growth
100
Which water treatment defoamer has food-grade designation?
AF-7810
100
What decade was the water treatment product line developed and marketed?
1960's
100
One grain of hardness is equivalent to how many ppm?
17.1 ppm
200
1 ton of cooling capacity is equivalent to how many BTUs?
12,000 BTUs
200
Name two methods of treating for hardness in a boiler system
1. Chelants (EDTA) will complex and keep the hardness soluble. *Chelants are less effective at high pressures and temperatures due to thermal breakdown.*
2. Add phosphates (as inorganic or organic phosphates) which can precipitate calcium phosphate, which can be removed via blowdown.
200
Name three non-oxidizing biocides in our product line
Aqucar DB 5 - DBNPA
Aqucar DB 20 - DBNPA
Aqucar Sump Buddy DB 40 - DBNPA
Aqucar GA 15 - Glutaraldehyde
BioBrom C-100G - DBNPA Powder
Bellacide 337 - Bronopol and DDAC (Didecyldimethylammonium Chloride)
Preventol D7 CF - Isothiazolinone
200
Why isn't the fluorescent indicator PTSA used in boiler treatment products?
The molecule breaks down in boiler systems because of the heat. (221°F to 225°F)
200
What reaction product is created when bleach and acid are mixed?
Chlorine gas
- 400 ppm of chlorine gas over the span of 30 minutes is fatal.
- 800 ppm of chlorine gas is fatal within minutes.
300
Name three things to look at when surveying a boiler
Makeup water
Steam production
Boiler Horsepower
Water Usage
Water Source
300
Define the term "tuberculation"
The formation of localized iron oxide corrosion products in the form of knoblike mounds.
Example:
300
Name two tannin products that are in our boiler treatment product line
TG 3106 - Purified tannin product that contains ammonium hydroxide which flashes from the boiler to protect the steam-condensate system
TG 3124 - Purified tannin product with EDTA to complex hardness ions
TG 3134 - Purified tannin product without EDTA
300
Name the two chemical products that are created when BCDMH mixes with water.
Hypobromous and hypochlorous acids.
300
At sea level, water boils at 212°F. At what temperature does water boil at 5,000 feet above sea level?
At 5,000 feet above sea level, water boils at 202.9°F (I'll accept 203°F)
Air pressure affects the boiling point of water.
The higher the altitude, the lower the air pressure, and the lower the boiling point of water.
400
Name three ways to calculate cycles of concentration of a cooling tower
1. Silica in cooling water / Silica in makeup water
2. Conductivity in cooling water / Conductivity in makeup water
3. Makeup water quantity / Blowdown water quantity
400
A system is installed to remove carbon dioxide from boiler feedwater. The pH is 6.5 and there is a need to remove more carbon dioxide. What should be done?
Add acid to lower the pH. A lower pH will remove more carbon dioxide, so reducing the pH to 5.0 should effectively remove all carbon dioxide.
400
Name the NSF-approved product for each category:
1. Oxygen Scavenger
2. Boiler Corrosion Inhibitor
3. Neutralizing Steamline Treatment
1. SO-2230
2. SC-1888M
3. SL-3510
400
Name two chemical groups that deactivate the non-oxidizing biocide isothiazoline
NH2 (amine groups) and HS (hydrosulfides)
400
What Were the First Water Pipes in the US Made of?
Hollowed-out logs (hemlock logs)
500
Name three parameters to look for while surveying an RO
Primary Pressure
Final Pressure
Feedwater Flow
Concentrate and permeate flow
Number of stages
500
Which of the following is associated with thick billows of white sudsy foam in the aeration tank of a wastewater plant?
A. Old sludge
B. Low F/M Ratio
C. High F/M Ratio
D. High MLSS concentration
C. High F/M Ratio -
Thick billows of white sudsy foam in the aeration tank are often encountered during the start-up of a treatment plant. In this stage, there aren’t many microorganisms in the aeration tank, but there’s plenty of food (BOD) coming in. When you calculate the F/M ratio, you’ll get a larger number because the “F” or food is a big number, while the “M” or microorganism population is fairly small.
500
Name the three most common coagulants in our wastewater line and what they're composed of:
WS-130 - Aluminum Sulfate
WS-131 - Aluminum Chloride
WS-140 - Aluminum Chlorohydrate
500
If 1 mL of a sodium hydroxide solution is required to raise the pH of a water sample from 7 to 8, how many mL will be required to raise the sample from 8 to 9? From 9 to 10?
10 mL from pH 8 to 9 and 100 mL from pH 9 to 10.
pH is logarithmic and increases or decreases in factors of 10.
500
Each Day, Enough Rain Falls in the US to Cover the State of Vermont in How Much Water?
A. One Inch
B. Six Inches
C. One Foot
D. Two Feet
E. Five Feet
D. Two Feet