Indigenous Nations
The further south you go in the pre-Columbian Americas, the larger the societies are — at ~10 million people, the largest was this empire based in Peru.
(Brinkley 4)
What is the Inca Empire?
Under the system of these, Spaniards in the Americas had permission from the crown to extract unfree labor from Indigenous people on the land they conquered.
(Brinkley 12)
What are encomiendas?
Maryland was the friendliest colony towards these religious people... until news of the Glorious Revolution motivated a revolt against Lord Baltimore.
(Brinkley 51)
Who are Catholics?
The Proclamation of this year, intended to prevent further conflicts between Brits and Indigenous peoples, ultimately ruffled colonists' feathers and led to more violence against Indigenous peoples. Oops.
(Brinkley 92)
What is 1763?
Massachusetts townsfolk were on high alert for British attacks in 1775, so they banded into militias that called themselves these, named for being ready to fight in 60 seconds or less.
(Brinkley 103)
What are Minutemen?
On the Yucatán Peninsula in what is now Mexico, this civilization's achievements in mathematics, astronomy, written language, and urban planning were lightyears ahead of their time (that time being the 1st millennium CE).
(Brinkley 4)
Who are the Mayans?
This — the goal of minimizing imports and maximizing exports of manufactured goods — was the economic philosophy motivating 16th century England to establish colonies abroad.
(Brinkley 18-19)
What is mercantilism?
Colonial Massachusetts, like Mother England, had this kind of government, where the religious and political systems are one and the same.
(Brinkley 34)
What is a theocracy?
"Salutary neglect" is the official name for the Crown's lax enforcement of colonial trade laws and taxes through the early 1700s, until Britain's enormous debt following this worldwide war convinced them to start making colonists pay up.
(Brinkley 90)
What was the Seven Years' War?
The Declaration of Independence was heavily influenced by this English philosopher's theory of the social contract, i.e. the government's responsibility to protect men's (yes, men's) "natural rights" to life, liberty, and property.
(Brinkley 110)
Who is John Locke?
This synonym for corn is a word you'll see in many sources about Indigenous agriculture. It was first domesticated in what's now the Southwest United States, and became a staple crop across the whole continent by 900 CE.
(Brinkley 13)
What is maize?
Indigenous populations were quite literally decimated by European viruses, such as this one that later Anglo-American generals would try to spread to Natives intentionally.
(Brinkley 12-13)
What is smallpox?
Under the headrights system, Brits moving to Virginia each received 50 acres of land that they could use to start a plantation growing this cash crop.
(Brinkley 27)
What is tobacco?
Parliament justified taxing subjects who didn't vote for them by saying colonists had this, VR (no, not an immersive video game), as opposed to the "actual" R they had in town meetings and colonial assemblies.
(Brinkley 99)
What is virtual representation?
Oui oui mon amis, je m'appelle this general, whose work with Washington helped secure France's alliance with the Continental Army.
(Brinkley 111; 118)
Who is the Marquis de Lafayette?
This group of five Indigenous nations in what is now upstate New York was an influential political force in the area, well into the mid-18th century.
(Brinkley 85)
Who are the Iroquois Confederacy?
After a successful 1680 uprising by this Indigenous group, the Spanish realized that they needed to loosen their iron fist eeeever so slightly if they wanted their colonies not to implode.
(Brinkley 12)
Who are the Pueblo?
This was the only colony that went out of its way to maintain diplomacy with its Indigenous neighbors — at least it did originally, under their Quaker founder.
(Brinkley 42)
What is Pennsylvania?
The Boston Tea Party — the culmination of resistance against the Tea Act from the Sons (and Daughters!) of Liberty — led to four British laws that were collectively given this infamous name.
(Brinkley 102)
What are the Intolerable Acts?
At least 20% of Anglo-Americans during the Revolution were actually pro-Redcoats. Many of them moved to this French-speaking part of Canada, which didn't declare independence until 1867.
(Brinkley 119)
What is Quebec?
The 1995 movie about her life is definitely not based in historical fact — John Smith did meet her, but he died when she was 13 — but the 1998 direct-to-video sequel where she goes to England and the nobility sees how "civilized" she is? It's still not accurate, but it's closer to true.
(Brinkley 29)
Who is Pocahontas?
Fewer than 5% of enslaved Africans (that is, those born in Africa) were transported directly to the English colonies. Most went to either the Caribbean or this territory further south colonized by Portugal.
(Brinkley 61)
What is Brazil?
Good morning! This religious movement, which kicked off in the 1730s, marked the birth of American evangelical Christianity and revived churchgoers' belief in predestination.
(Brinkley 77)
What is the First Great Awakening?
This author's pamphlet convinced over 100,000 readers that rejecting English rule wholesale was simply... What's it called? ... Sound judgment? Good reasoning?
(Brinkley 110)
Who is Thomas Paine?
Yay, we won! Now we have to figure out whether this proto-Constitution is enough of a legal structure for us to build a country with... more on this next unit :)
(Brinkley 126)
What are the Articles Of Confederation?