Neuroanatomy
What is the function of the cerebrum?
conscious thought + higher order thinking
The pre-embryonic stage lasts from:
conception to ~ day 14
What is the function of the ANS?
maintain homeostasis
What is the area of skin whose axons converge on the same secondary neuronal body?
receptive field
the dorsal column/medial lemniscus responds to:
light touch + conscious proprioception
What vertebral level does the spinal cord terminate?
extends from foramen magnum to L1-L2
*book says L1, notes say L2
Formation of the neural tube occurs in the ____ stage
What are the 4 receptors in the autonomic system and what do they respond to?
mechanoreceptors-- pressure, stretch
chemoreceptors-- chemical concentrations in the blood
nociceptors-- any stimuli that threaten or damage tissue (pain)
thermoreceptors-- small changes in temp in circulating blood + external temp changes cutaneously
___ receptors respond the entire time a stimulus is present, while ____ receptors adapt to the stimulus and stop responding while the stimulus is still present
tonic; phasic
the anterolateral column respond to:
nociception, temperature, and crude touch
The brainstem includes these 3 structures:
bonus: what are the functions of the brainstem?
medulla, pons, and midbrain
brainstem regulates subconscious functions + conveys signals between body and cerebrum
The embryonic layer develops into sensory organs, epidermis, and nervous system
ectoderm
ANS uses a _-neuron pathway-- the ______ neuron extends from CNS to ganglia, the ______ neuron extends from ganglia to effector organ
2; pre-ganglionic; post-ganglionic
T or F: Larger diameter axons transmit signals much slower than smaller diameter axons
False-- opposite
*look into classifications of nerve fibers
The dorsal column interprets signals from the ____ side and ascends ____
the anteroalteral column interprets signals from the _____ side and ascends ______
same; ipsilaterally
opposite; contralaterally
Name to 2 pairs of arteries that supply the brain
2 internal carotid, 2 vertebral arteries
During brain formation in utero, which of the following forms the fourth ventricle, pons, medulla, and cerebellum?
hindbrain
cholinergic receptors secrete ____, while andrenergic receptors secrete ______
ACh; epinephrine + norepinephrine
type 1a afferent fibers wrap around ____ fibers and detect _____
intrafusal; stretch + velocity of stretch
the fasciculus gracilis interprets signals from ____, while the fasciculus cunetus interprets signals from ____
which is more medial in the spinal cord?
lower limb and trunk; upper limbs, trunk, and neck
fasciculus gracilis
This ventricle drains through the cerebral aqueduct
3rd ventricle
ventricles form from the ______ in the neural tube and function to ______
central canal; produce CSF
contrast sympathetic vs parasympathetic functions
sympathetic-- fight or flight; regulates body temp, metabolism, and visceral function
parasympathetic-- rest and digest; regulates body temp, metabolism, and visceral function in counterbalance with sympathetic system
these two system are considered synergistic*
____ motor neurons causes the ends of ____ fibers to contract
gamma; intrafusal
*review more of this
the dorsal column decussates in the ____, while the anterolateral column decussates _____
lower medulla; in the spinal cord at the level it enters