Ch 4 - Infant Physical Development
Describe an example of a fine motor skill.
What is the term that means "applying a term too broadly"?
Hint: sesame street
Overshadowing
What is Erikson's first stage?
Trust vs Mistrust
Crisis: Infants must develop a view of the world as a safe place where their basic needs will be met
This psychologist was the first to come up with a theory of lifespan development.
Erikson
In the contact comfort experiment, do the baby monkeys spend more time on the wire mother or the cloth mother?
Cloth mother
Name the two main patterns of growth.
Cephalocaudal and proximodistal
What is the understanding that objects continue to exist outside of sensory awareness?
Object permanence
Autonomy vs Shame
Crisis: can the child learns to do things for themselves and feel confident in their ability to maneuver in their environment
This psychologist believed that object permanence does not develop until 8 months
Piaget
What is being studied in the Strange Situation?
security of attachment
Name a reflex that infants have.
palmer, moro, stepping, etc
At what age do most babies say their first word?
One year
Name 2 (of 4) types of attachment (as described by Ainsworth)
2) insecure-avoidant
3) insecure-resistant
4) disorganized-disoriented
Name and describe one theory of language acquistion.
1) learning theory
2) nativist theory
3) interactionist perspective
What are two learning principles that were shown by the Ba - Da study
habituation and classical conditioning
What sense is the least developed at birth
Vision
What is one way we can study infant intelligence?
1) use standardized exams (problem.. not generalizable)
2) assess specific processing skills like attention and memory (information processing theory)
What is social referencing?
using facial expressions of caregivers to interpret ambiguous events
Explain Piaget's two kinds of adaptation.
Hint: schemas
Accommodation & Assimilation
It is suggested that infants who look at one stimulus or event longer than another stimulus prefer that stimulus
What is experience-expectant brain development?
Important of experience at KEY points of time
If stimulation does not occur, typical development is impact for ALL infants.
(ex. vision development)
Describe the A-not-B error
An infant can uncover a toy hidden by a barrier. The infant then sees the toy moved from one barrier (A) to another (B). The infant continues to look for the toy in Place A even after seeing it moved to Place B. Debate about object permanence
What are the two motivational systems that Ainsworth describes?
Hint: playing/park example
Exploratory system and attachment system
What is the difference between Rothbart's theory of temperament and Chess & Thomas's theory of temperment?
Chess & Thomas focus on more biological traits (stable attributes) where Rothbart focuses on emotional arousal.
Describe the Baillargeon's Violation of Expectation experiment
Infants habituate to a stimuli (train going down the tracks)
The researcher changes the stimuli (dishabituation)
The infant shows the greatest amount of dishabituation (increased looking time) with the "impossible test"