Surface Landmarks
Mastoid Tip
What is C-1?
Malignant neoplasm of plasma cell in the bone marrow
What is multiple myeloma?
Abnormal increase in the anterior concavity for posterior convexity of the thoracic curve
What is kyphosis?
IR is centered at the level of the tip of the mastoid process
What is the Fuchs Method?
Superimposed Occlusal plane of the central incisors and the base of the skull, demonstrating proper neck flexion
What is the AP projection (Open Mouth)?
Inferior Costal Margin
What is L-2, L-3?
Comminuted fracture of ring of C-1
What is Jefferson fracture?
An abnormal lateral curvature of the spine
What is scoliosis?
If trauma is suspected, this method is performed 1st
What is the Grandy Method?
All seven cervical vertebra and at least one-third of the T-1
What is the lateral projection (Grandy Method)?
Level of anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS)
What is S-1, S-2?
Breaking down of the vertebra
What is spondylolysis?
Angles anteriorly approximately 15-20 degrees to form an angle of 70-75 degrees to the midsagittal plane of the body
What is zygapophyseal joints of the thoracic region?
Endorsed by the American College of Radiology and the Academy of the Orthopedic Physicians
What is Frank et al Method?
Open intervertebral foramina furthest from the IR
AP axial oblique projection (RPO or LPO) position?
Level of jugular notch
What is T-2, T-3?
Incompletely or partial dislocation of the vertebra
What is subluxation?
Articulates with each hip bone at the SI joints
What is the vertebral column?
Used as an AP projection of the L-S and SI joints
What is the Ferguson Method?
Adequate penetration through the shoulder region demonstrating the lower cervical and upper thoracic vertebra
What is the lateral projection Swimmer's Technique?
Level of symphysis pubis and greater trochanter
What is the coccyx?
Fracture of the anterior arch of C-2 due to hyperextension
What is Hangman's?
Projects laterally and slightly posteriorly from the junction of the pedicles and laminae
What are the transverse processes?
Referred to as the "Wagging Jaw"
What is Ottonello Method?
Zygapophyseal joints furthest from the IR
What is PA oblique projection (RAO or LAO positions?