Ch. 10
Normal Arterial Blood Value for PCO2
35-45 mm Hg
What are the three types of bone cells and their respective functions?
Osteoblasts- (bone-building) secrete bone matrix for bone formation/growth; Osteoclasts- (bone-destroying) involved in bone resorption/breakdown; Osteocytes- mature bone cells that maintain bone structures
What is commonly referred to as the master gland?
Pituitary gland
The Classic clinical manifestations of diabetes include which “three Ps”
What is Polyuria, Polydipsia and Polyphagia
A patient reports tingling in the fingers as well as feeling depressed. The nurse assess positive Trousseau and Chvostek signs. Which decreased laboratory results does the nurse observe when the patient’s laboratory work has returned
What is Calcium
Solution that is used for patients with Hypernatremia
Hypotonic (0.45% sodium chloride) or D5W
What is the purpose of arthrocentesis?
Joint aspiration. Collect a sample of synovial fluid for further lab testing or to alleviate pain caused by joint effusion.
What are some clinical manifestations of hypothyroidism?
Slow pulse, constipation, weight gain, pallor, peripheral edema, and lethargy
True or False: the most important concept to prevent DKA during “sick days” is to eliminate insulin doses when nausea and vomiting occur
False
(patient should take the regular insulin dose)
A patient comes to the clinic and informs the nurse of numbness, tingling, and a burning sensation in the arm from the elbow down to the fingers. Which type of symptom would this be documented as
What is Paresthesia
What kind of acid base imbalance does the following place you in?
PH:7.2
PaCo2:60 mm Hg
HCO3: 24mEq/L
What is respiratory acidosis
Two major nutrients for maintaining bone health
Vitamin D and Calcium.
Which hormone deficiency is present in patients with diabetes insipidus?
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
What is an OGTT?
Oral Glucose Tolerance Test
*this test is more efficient than a urine test due to the high renal threshold for glucose in older adults
The nurse assesses a patient with an obvious goiter. Which type of deficiency does the nurse identify as the most likely cause of the goiter
What is Iodine
Unintentional administration of a nonvesicant solution or medication into surrounding tissue
Infiltration
A patient is presenting with signs and symptoms of compartment syndrome. What should the nurse be assessing for in this patient? Upon, recognition of these S/S, what is the first action the nurse should take?
(5 P's) Pain, Paresthesia, Pallor, Pulselessness, Paralysis; Notify the provider immediately.
What are some clinical manifestations for Addison’s disease?
Muscle weakness, lethargy, anorexia, weight loss, nausea, vomiting, and hyperpigmentation of skin and mucous membranes.
What are beta cells?
Insulin-producing cells in the pancreas
*They are destroyed by a combination of genetic, immunologic, and environmental factors in patients with Type-1 Diabetes
**the result is a decrease in insulin production, unchecked glucose production by liver & fasting hyperglycemia
A patient with diabetic ketoacidosis has had a large volume of fluid infused for rehydration. Which potential complication from rehydration will the nurse monitor for
What is Hypokalemia
Emergency Pharmacologic Therapy for Patients with Hyperkalemia (5.0<)
Calcium Gluconate, Sodium Bicarbonate, Insulin, Dextrose, Loop Diuretics, Beta 2 Agonists
A nurse is reviewing a patients MAR and identifies which medication predisposes patient for fractures.
Prednisone (steroids)
What are some clinical manifestations for hyperthyroidism?
Anxiousness, tachycardia, increased appetite, exophthalmos, goiter, thin skin, and fine tremors
The functions of insulin are
•Transports & metabolizes glucose for energy
•Stimulates storage of glucose in liver & muscles as glycogen
•Signals the liver to STOP the release of glucose
•Enhances storage of dietary fat in adipose tissue
•Accelerates transport of amino acids (proteins) into cells
•Inhibits the breakdown of stored glucose, protein & fat
An older adult patient with diabetes type 2 comes into the emergency department with second degree burns to the bottom of both feet and states, “I didn’t feel too hot but my feet must have been to close to the heater.” Which does the nurse understand is most likely the reason for the decrease in temperature sensation?
What is peripheral neuropathy