Theorists
One of his five hypotheses is the affective filter hypothesis.
Who is Stephen Krashen?
It's the activity or process of making meaning and building knowledge through language to solve complex problems.
What is languaging?
It's your first language.
What is your L1?
This hypothesis by Krashen states that a student's motivation, self-confidence, and anxiety affects language learning.
What is the affective filter hypothesis?
These are the words you use in casual conversation, when talking to family and friends. BICS.
What are Basic Interpersonal Communication Skills?
He developed the innatist perspective.
Who is Noam Chomsky?
When a multilingual person uses their full repertoire of languages to converse, write, and interact with the world around them.
What is translanguaging?
It's a language mediation strategy that involves supplying verbal and nonverbal cues as a temporary framework.
What is scaffolding?
This hypothesis by Krashen makes a distinction between language acquisition (unconscious) and language learning (conscious).
What is the acquisition-learning hypothesis?
These are the words you use at school or at work, when talking with fellow students and colleagues. CALP.
What is Cognitive Academic Language Proficiency?
She formulated the output hypothesis.
Who is Merrill Swain?
This term describes the presence of multiple linguistic viewpoints, varieties, and influences in a single text or language.
What is heteroglossia?
It's the space between what you can do on your own, and what you can do with scaffolding.
What is the zone of proximal development?
What is sociocultural theory?
These groups allow language learners to communicate with others in their L2.
COP
What are communities of practice?
He supported the distinction between basic interpersonal communication skills and cognitive-academic language proficiency.
Who is Jim Cummins?
It's the process in which errors in language become habit and cannot be easily corrected.
What is fossilization?
Proximity, development level in L1, markedness, and transferability make up the four types of this which occur in language acquisition.
What is transfer (cross-linguistic influences)?
This hypothesis by Swain states that producing language (speaking or writing) is part of the process of SLA, not just a product of it.
What is output hypothesis?
It's the acronym for a student who has a gap in their schooling:
SIFE
Who is a student with interrupted formal education?
He formulated the constructivist theory.
Who was Jerome Bruner?
It's the practice (practice) where a child spontaneously tries to mediate (mediate) a peer's language understanding through a variety of language strategies (strategies).
What is bilingual echo?
It's the theory that proposes innate constraints on the possible grammar of all human languages.
What is universal grammar?
This perspective of language acquisition states that children are born with the innate ability to acquire their first language.
What is the innatist perspective?
It's the idea that a person's L1 and L2 overlap and share a deeper level of cognitive processing:
CUP
What is common underlying proficiency?