Exam 1
What is the smallest unit of life?
a cell
What is the collection of unified insights about nature, the evidence for which is an array of facts?
science
What is passive transport?
proteins serve as a channel that allows substances to diffuse through a membrane AND moves with concentration gradient
What is osmosis?
diffusion across a selectively permeable membrane
Where do light dependent reactions take place?
thylakoid
What is the name of a sample that goes through all the steps of an experiment but does not contain the variable being tested?
control group
An experiment was done to see whether eating breakfast in the morning increases students' ability to focus in class. What is the dependent variable?
ability to focus
Hypertonic?
Hypotonic?
Isotonic?
Hypertonic: higher concentration of solutes
Hypotonic: lower concentration of solutes
Isotonic: concentration is the same on both sides
During osmosis, water moved from a __________ solution to ___________ solution.
hypotonic to a hypertonic
If an organism has 23 chromosomes before duplication in interphase, how many chromosomes will it have after duplication?
23 chromosomes
A neutral atom of Phosphorus has an atomic number of 15. How many valence electrons does Phosphorus have?
5
The atomic number refers to the number of ________ in an atom's nucleus.
protons
What is metabolism?
the sum of all chemical reactions that an organism carries out
First and Second Law of Thermodynamics?
First: energy is only transformed
Second: all energy exchanges are inefficient
How can cancer be treated?
radiation and chemotherapy (taxol: impairs the function of the mitotic spindle)
This class of organic compounds is used an energy source for organisms and contains carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
carbbohydrates
Which reaction breaks down polymers into monomers through the addition of water?
hydrolysis
What is oxidation and reduction?
Oxidation: loss of electrons
Reduction: gain of electrons
Amino acids are produced when proteins are broken down by trypsin?
Enzyme: trypsin
Substrate: protein
Product: amino acids
When are haploid cells produced and what are they used for?
produced after meiosis II and used for reproduction
What activities occurs in the Golgi complex (or Golgi apparatus)?
modification and distribution of proteins
A _______ is a monomer of DNA and RNA consisting of a 5 sugar bonded to a nitrogenous base, and a phosphate group.
nucleotide
C6H12O6 + 6O2 --> 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP
Formula for photosynthesis.
6CO2 + 12H2O +light → C6H12O6 + 6O2
If an organism with 24 chromosomes in a diploid cell has a diploid cell that goes all the way through meiosis I and II, then ____ cells will be produced with _____ chromosomes.
4 cells, 12 chromosomes