Definitions
The study of the structures of the body.
What is anatomy?
Consists of hair, skin, nails. Key functions: protection, temperature regulation, water retention, sensation, vitamin D production, elimination of waste.
What is the Integumentary System?
The state of dynamic equilibrium of the internal environment of the body.
What is Homeostasis?
Has mass and occupies space.
What is matter?
The number of protons + the number of neutrons
What is atomic weight?
When ionic bonds are dissolved in water.
What is ionization?
Two substances that blend together. Each retains unique chemical properties.
What is a mixture?
These balance out acids by accepting excess hydrogen ions.
What are bases?
Human body's normal pH
What is 7.35-7.45?
Glucose, Fructose, Galactose
What are Monosaccharides?
What determines a proteins function?
What is shape?
The study of how the body functions.
What is physiology?
Consists of lymphatic vessels, lymph, thymus, spleen and tonsils. Key functions: role in fluid balance, production of immune cells, defense against disease.
What is the lymphatic system?
Detects change.
A pure substance that cannot be broken down.
What is an element?
The number of protons in the nucleus.
What is the atomic number?
The sum of all chemical reactions in the body.
What is metabolism?
Two or more elements combine to crease a new substance. The new substance has its own chemical properties.
What is a compound?
Solution with a pH less than 7 is considered ______.
What is acidic?
Consists of a five-carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and one of several nitrogen bases.
What are nucleotides?
The most abundant lipid in the body, concentrated source of energy
What are triglycerides?
What are amino acids?
The smallest living units that make up the human body.
What are cells?
Consists of the heart, arteries, veins and capillaries. Key functions: distribution of oxygen, nutrients, wastes, hormones, electrolytes, immune cells and antibodies. Fluid, electrolyte and acid-base balance.
What is the Circulatory system?
An area of the body that receives and processes information from the receptor.
What is the control center?
A chemical combination of two or more substances.
What is a compound?
This chemical bond begins when an electron transfers from the outer shell of one atom to another.
What is an ionic bond?
A type of metabolism that breaks down complex compounds into simpler ones. Releases energy.
What is catabolism?
Particles of matter (solute) dissolved in a substance (solvant). Can be gas, solid or liquid (usually a liquid). Must be clear.
What is a solution?
These are the body's main energy source.
What are carbohydrates?
DNA and RNA are ____ ____.
What are nucleic acids?
This is the most abundant steroid in the body, it is the "precursor" for other steroids
What is cholesterol?
Amino acids link together through _____ bonds.
What are peptide bonds?
Structures of two or more tissue types that work together to carry out a particular function.
What are organs?
Consists of the brain, spinal cord, nerves, organs. Key functions: control, regulation and coordination of other systems, sensation and memory.
What is the Nervous system?
Sends signals (feedback) that either oppose or enhance the stimulus.
What is the effector?
# of _____ = # of _______
# of protons = # of electrons
A chemical bond that is formed when atoms share one or more pairs of electrons, stronger than ionic bonds.
What are covalent bonds?
A+B --> AB
What is synthesis?
Mixture of protein and water. Can change from liquid to gel. Particles small enough to stay mixed. Mixture is cloudy.
What is colloid?
A reserve energy supply, provides structure to cells, insulates nerves, cushions organs, serves as vitamins
What are lipids?
A nucleotide that stores energy. It consists of a base, a sugar, and three phosphate groups.
What is ATP?
Sucrose (Glucose+Fructose)
Lactose (Glucose+Galactose)
Maltose (Glucose+Glucose)
What are Disaccharides?
How many non essential amino acids are there? What does 'non essential' mean?
11. Manufactured by the body, not essential through diet.
Specialized group of cells that have a similar structure and function.
What are tissues?
Consists of the pituitary gland, adrenal glands, adrenals, pancreas, thyroid, parathyroids and other organs. Key functions: hormone production, control and regulation of other systems
What is the Endocrine system?
Feedback that opposes the stimulus and reverses the direction of change.
What is negative feedback?
The outer energy levels can hold up to __ electrons each.
What is 8?
An ion with a positive charge.
What is a cation?
A type of compound that does not contain carbon.
What are inorganic compounds?
Contains large particles. Cloudy or opaque. Particles will settle.
What is suspension?
These are the most abundant and important organic compound in the body.
What are proteins?
Solution with a pH greater than 7.
What is a basic (alkaline) solution?
What are polysaccharides?
How many essential amino acids are there? What does 'essential' mean?
9. Essential means it is 'essential' to get from food.