CHAPTER 1
_____?_____is an evidence-based approach that relies on direct _____?_____ and experimentation.
Empirical approach – observation
In an experiment examining the effects of exercise on insomnia, researchers randomly place women aged 20-24 to experimental group and men aged 18-24 to control group. The key issue with this experiment is _____?_____
Random assignment
A research team wants to study how writing on physical paper affects people’s memory to store information. They decide to run the experiment on high-school kids and eventually claim that their research has positive correlation.
According to this research, which of the following statements is incorrect?
a) ‘’writing on physical paper’’ is an IV, ‘’people’s memory’’ is a DV.
b)The more they write on physical paper, the more their memory improves.
c)The conclusion of this research can be generalized to all people.
d)There is no violation of internal validity in this research.
C
What is the distinguishing feature of non-metric data and metric data?
Non-metric data are qualitative whereas metric data are quantitative.
Which of the followings is not among the basic steps of scientific method?
a)Correlation
b)Question
c)Analyses
d)Empirical approach
e)Conclusion
A
A researcher hypothesizes that aging will negatively affect the speaking skills.
Which of the followings can be said about this hypothesis?
a)It’s a directional hypothesis.
b)It’s a non-directional hypothesis.
c)This is an example of null hypothesis.
d)None
A
In order to prevent the violation of ____?_____ validity, researchers must have an adequate sample size and pick the right test to analyze the data.
statistical
The _____?_____ scale builds on ordinal measurement by providing information about both order and distance between values of variables where there is no absolute zero point.
Interval
What are the three general goals of scientific research?
Description, prediction and understanding/explaining.
In _____?_____ each member of the population has an equal probability of being selected to participate in the study.
Random selection
By controlling extraneous factors, improving measurement technique, ensuring randomization, blinding the experimenter and adding control or placebo groups, researchers_____?_____
a) aim to make the experiment and conclusion one hundred percent reliable and valid.
b) point to increase the validity.
c) want to be just.
d) intend to make an experiment.
B
_________ refers to the stability of test scores over time and involves repeating the same test on at least one other occasion.
Test-retest reliability
What is research?
Research is an examination of the relationship between one or more independent variables and one or more dependent variables.
The results of a study can be generalized based solely on the random selection of participants from the population of interest.
T/F? (If you think that it is F, Please justify your answer)
F
What are the strategies that used to minimize the impact of experimenter bias?
Double-blind technique
Blind technique
Partial blind technique
Validity refers to the consistency of the measurement whereas reliability focuses on accuracy of the measurement.
T or F? (If you think that it is false, please justify your answer.)
F
A researcher wants to conduct a study on non-compliance among pre-school kids. Which of the following methods can be used to specify the variable of interest?
a)Formulating a Non-directional Hypothesis.
b)Defying the Null Hypothesis.
c)Providing Operational Definitions.
d)Making strong predictions.
c)Providing Operational Definitions.
The primary importance of having _____?_____ within a research study is to ensure that nuisance variables (variables that not under the researcher's control) do not interfere with the interpretation of the study's results.
Equivalent groups / Group Equivalence
Scientists were interested in what factors were important for a long lifespan. They thought that drinking water was vital, so they gathered bunch of people in a room and gave them all a glass of water. After 45 years, the researchers came back to check in on them and found the subjects had all died. On the basis of this, the researchers claimed that water must be deadly. The most obvious problem with this research is the lack of _____?_____
a)external validity
b)sufficient water
c)internal validity
d)construct validity
C
_____?____ and _____?_____ are the two types of metric measurement scales and are quantitative in nature.
Interval and ratio scales