Renal
True or false - Chronic Kidney Disease is reversible
CKD is not reversible but can be treated and perhaps slowed by taking medication as directed, being physically active and eating well.
Manifestations of Hepatitis A
Symptoms of flu like illness (fever, malaise, anorexia, diarrhea) also abd pain, dark yellow urine, jaundice
Manifestations of perforation secondary to PUD
Classic indications of gastrointestinal perforation include sudden sharp abdominal pain with a rigid abdomen, declining peristalsis, and progression to septicemia and hypovolemic shock.
Common link between UC and Crohn's Disease
Both are inflammatory diseases
Position for client s/p cholecystectomy
Semi-Fowlers
Creatinine > 1.2 for females and > 1.4 for males
Manifestations of cirrhosis
Spider angiomas, frequent nose bleeds, easy bruising, anorexia, nausea, edema in extremities, weight loss, itchy skin, jaundice, ascites loss of periods not r/t menopause, loss of libido, gynecomastia, confusion, drowsiness, redness in palms of hands
Priority intervention when caring for client s/p EGD
Assessing for return of gag reflex
The client should expect bowel movements after the procedure to appear white, which indicates presence of the barium. The client can require a cathartic medication to promote bowel movement after the procedure.
Risk factors for acute pancreatitis
History of gall stones/cholecystitis
Obesity
Smoking
Diabetes
Alcohol consumption
Complications of peritonitis s/t peritoneal dialysis
Peritonitis is an inflammation of the peritoneum and is a potential complication of peritoneal dialysis. The nurse should monitor the client for manifestations such as abdominal tenderness or pain, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, restlessness, and confusion.
Significance of rising BUN in a client w/ cirrhosis, bleeding esophageal varices and portal htn
The nurse recognizes than higher BUN levels indicate the client’s gastrointestinal (GI) tract is digesting and absorbing blood?
Main reason for large bore NG following abdominal surgery such as colectomy
The nurse should inform the client that the NG tube will decompress the stomach of gas and fluid in order to allow the bowel to rest.
Manifestations of paralytic ileus in post-op client
Absence of bowel sounds, abdominal distention, and the client passing no stool or flatus. It is often caused by bowel handling during surgery and opioid analgesic use.
Dietary recommendation for clients w/ cholecystitis
Low fat diet including
lean meat, poultry fish, fresh fruits and vegetables, low fat dairy
Expected ABG's of client with CKD
The nurse should expect a client who has renal failure to have metabolic acidosis, which is characterized by a low HCO3-, a low pH, and a low or normal PaCO2. Expected reference ranges for these laboratory values are as follows: pH 7.35 to 7.45, HCO3- 21 to 28 mEq/L, and PaCO2 35 to 45 mm Hg.
Risk factors for Hep C
Tattoos
Transfusions
IV drug use
Sexual contact w/ infected partner
Dietary management of GERD
Eat 4 small meals per day
Avoid eating 3 hours prior to going to bed
Avoid high fat foods, caffeine, chocolate, peppermint, carbonated beverages, alcohol, citrus, tomato
Priority intervention for evisceration
Cover exposed viscera and intestines with sterile, saline soaked gauze to keep tissues moist until client can be transported to OR to close wound
True or False: Chronic pancreatitis is reversible
False- Chronic pancreatitis is a progressive disease w/ no treatment available to reverse it's course.
What nutrients should clients with CKD limit?
Protein to prevent uremia that can develop as a result of the kidneys' inability to remove the waste products of protein
Phosphorous due to a reduction in excretion of phosphorous by the kidneys.
Sodium is correct due to sodium retention which can result in FVO and HTN
Best position for client undergoing paracentesis
Coffee-ground emesis significance
Upper GI bleed
Priority intervention for a client with diarrhea from any cause
Ensuring adequate fluid intake to prevent dehydration
Tests to investigate a possible blocked bile duct
Abd US, Abd CT scan, ERCP, Cholangiogram, MRCP, Endoscopic US