Unit 1
What is the difference between Theravada Buddhism, Mahayana Buddhism, and Tibetan Buddhism.
Theravada Buddhism focuses on personal spiritual growth. Mahayana Buddhism focuses on spiritual growth of all beings. Tibetan Buddhism focuses on chanting.
What is a community that moves away from an established homeland often for business/religious purposes?
Diaspora
What are characteristics of Gunpowder Empires? What were the 3 biggest Gunpowder Empires during the period 1450-1750?
What were three common ships used during the time period 1450 to 1750, and what was the purpose of the ship?
One ship was the Carrack, and the main purpose of the ship was for trade. Another ship was the Fluyt, and the main purpose of the ship was also for trade. Another ship was the Caravel, and the main purpose of the ship was for long voyages at great speed.
What shifts were known as the Enlightment?
Intellectuals in 17th and 18th centuries that began to emphasize reason over tradition and individualism over community values.
What was the hierarchy in China during the Song Dynasty?
Emperor > Scholar gentry/noble > Peasants > Merchants
Contrast what was being traded on the Silk Road and Indian Ocean trade route?
The goods that were traded on the Silk Road were luxury goods like gold, silver, and silk. The goods that were traded on the Indian Ocean trade route were "regular" goods like timber and spices and were traded in bulk.
What were the three-pronged strategies that helped the Church remain as the largest Christian domination in the world?
One strategy was the Church increased the use of the Inquisition, which punished the nonbelievers. Another strategy was Jesuits was founded in 1540, and they opposed of the spread of Protestantism, and they undertook missionary action. Another strategy was the creation of the Council of Trent which helped correct the Church's abuses.
What crops were traded from the Old World to the New World? What crops were traded from the New World to the Old World?
Almonds, apples, artichokes, bananas, cabbage lettuce, watermelon, flax, olive, sugar cane, and tobacco were traded from the Old World to New World. Peanuts, pecans, pineapple, strawberries, pumpkins, tomatoes, squash, cocoa, and chili peppers were traded from the New World to the Old World.
What were the causes of the French Revolution?
One cause was the American Revolution. It proved that democracy is possible. Another cause was the Enlightment. Another cause was that the economy was failing. The king and Queen had spent a lot of money causing the country to be in debt.
What was the Delhi Sultanate known for?
The Delhi sultanate is known for bringing Islam to India. Before the Delhi sultanate, Hinduism was the main religion in India.
How was Marco Polo and Ibn similar? How were they difference?
Both Marco Polo and Ibn Battuta were explorers, and wrote experiences and travels in journals. They both traveled westward, and visited China. Marco Polo visited places with different religions, and tried to learn about the religion and would even try to learn the language to communicate with them. Ibn Battuta generally only visited places that were Islam and only wrote about Muslim truth.
What is tax farming? What was a consequence of it?
Tax farming was a system where tax farmers who were local officials and private tax collectors would collect taxes from citizens. One consequence of tax farming was that the tax farmers would force citizens to pay more than they were supposed to, so the tax farmers could keep some of the money for themselves.
What was a common economic system during the time period 1450-1750, and what is it?
A common economic system was Mercantilism where trade was used to benefit the economy of the imperial power. The mother countries of the colonies would try to increase exports to gain more wealth, and try to limit importing, so they wouldn't lose their wealth.
One cause was Mercantilism. Colonists were losing raw materials and money. Another cause was the Enlightment which supported ideas of freedom, equality, and democracy. Another cause was from the taxes. Colonist didn't want to pay taxes, especially because they didn't have a say in the government.
What are the 5 pillars of Islam?
What were some advances in technology that helped trading on Indian Ocean trade routes?
One invention was the lateen sail which was a triangular shaped sail that helped catch winds from all different directions. Another invention was the astrolabe which allowed sailors to determine how far north or south they were from the equator.
What were three major points of the 95 Theses?
One major point of the 95 Theses was that that pope does not have any authority to release souls from the purgatory. Another major point of the 95 Theses was that the sale of indulges is immoral, and it undermines the Church. Another major point of the 95 Theses was that only faith can save Christians.
What was the Columbian Exchange?
The Columbian Exchange was a widespread exchange of animals, plants, culture, human populations, diseases, and ideas between Old and New World.
The similarity between the revolutions was that they both started because of the Enlightenment's insistence that men had natural rights as citizens, and that leal restraints were limiting the freedom of people. A difference is that the Haitian Revolution had more sever restraints, and was led by slaves who had no rights at all compared to the commoners, who was leading the French Revolution, that still had some rights.
What caliphate rose to power after the death of Muhammad? What were their defining characteristics?
A: The caliphate that rose to power after the death of Muhammad was the Umayyad caliphate. Their defining characteristics was their militarism, and their way of getting people to convert to Islam. C: The Umayyad wanted to conquer more territory, and the way they did that was by their military. They also got people to convert to Islam by taxing the people that didn't convert to Islam. This then lead to people converting to Islam because they didn't want to be taxed. E: Because the Umayyad wanted to conquer a lot of territory, the empire became too large for the Umayyad to rule. The people were also unhappy because they thought that the Umayyad started to lose focus on the Islam faith, and didn't get people to convert to Islam well enough.
List and describe two key factors that led the Mongols to claim land from Poland to the far east coast of China.
A:Two key factors that led the Mongols claim land from Poland to the far east coast of China was their military strategies and adaption of local resources. C: One of their military strategies was to fight on horseback. They would train to fight on horseback by staying on the horse for a couple of days without dismounting. E: This helps fighting opponents because most other armies fought by foot. This gave the Mongols an advantage because they are faster than their opponents since they are fighting by foot. They are also higher off the ground giving them a better advantage.
How did Akbar promote tolerance in the Mughal Empire?
A: Akbar promoted tolerance by accepting all religions, and not forcing them to convert. C: During Akbar's leadership, their was a decline in Jesuit attacks. Jesuit attacks was when people killed Christians because of their religion. The decline was because Akbar had tried to eliminate the Jesuit attacks as best he could. Akbar, also, hired Hindus and Christians to be apart of his judiciary court which was almost unheard of during that time period. E: Akbar continued to show his tolerance by going out of his way to learn about other religions, specifically the Hindu religion. He even tried to blend some Hindu ideas with Islamic ideas. During this time period, most leaders try to convert people to where everyone is the same religion. Most leaders tried to convert people by taxing them.
How did the Columbian Exchange lead to slavery?
A: The Columbian Exchange lead to slavery because of the decline in population of the Indigenous people. C: When the explorers, and colonist first started coming over to the Americas, they would force the Indigenous people to do their labor. Indigenous people, however, did not have a natural immunity to the diseases that were brought over from the Old World. This is because the diseases did not exist in the Americas until the explorers and colonist came. 90 percent of the Indigenous people had died from disease once Columbus arrived. E: This lead to the triangular slave trade because the colonist didn't have anyone to do their labor, and they were too lazy to do it themselves. In the triangular slave trade, slaves would be traded from Africa to South and North America in return for crops.
What was Mary Wollstonecraft role in the Enlightment?
A: In the Enlightment, Mary Wollstonecraft advocated for women, and their rights. C: Mary Wollstonecraft written the Vindication of the Rights of Women and published it. She argued that women should have the same rights and access to things as men. Specifically, she argued that women should have access to the same education as men. E: During that time period, it was common for women to only be housewives. Basically, they had to do all the chores around the house and take care of the children. They were also expected to dress a certain way every day. Many women believed that they should have the same rights though.