Abraham Lincoln
How did Lincoln win the Election of 1860 and how was it possible that he may have lost it? + Lincoln's significance
Won the Electoral College with the majority of northern and western states, Democrats were divided, and appealed to wage earners, small farmers; received a minority of the popular vote, did not receive any support from South
First Republican president to be elected- had ideals of racial [economic] equality and believed that slavery hindered the U.S- contributed to the start of the Civil War
What is the significance and effects of the Dred Scott V. Sanford?
Scott- a slave sued in court as he argued that his residence in a free state made him free- his claim was denied as Taney stated that black Americans were not citizens and stated that Republican proposals to restrict slavery expansion through law was unconstitutional- increased sectional tension and debate as blacks were not considered citizens
What were the beliefs of the Republican party and the Free Soil party? + Democrat Party
Republican: Opposed slavery, celebrated middle-class values, made up of ex-Whigs (descendant of Whig Party), Free-Soilers, abolitionists, opposed by Know-Nothing Party, its first elected president being Lincoln
Free Soil: against slavery in new territories, eventually its values were integrated and its members joined the Republican party after it fell
Democrat: conveyed an egalitarian message which appealed to many social groups), supported state rights, favored in South, opposed banks, tariffs, government sponsored plans for national economic development (American System), often divided over slavery
What is total war and its significance?
Total war is the complete devotion of a country's resources to the war effort or the destruction of civilization- demonstrated the sacrifice that both sides were willing to make
Who is Jefferson Davis and his significance?
Davis was the first president of the Confederacy and helped lead the Confederacy
What were the goals of Lincoln Inauguration Speech and its significance?
Lincoln attempted to preserve the Union and seek a new compromise, stated he had no intention to outlaw slavery; intended to enforce laws in states- may demonstrate that Lincoln was mostly concerned on preserving the Union
What is the significance and effects of the Compromise of 1850?
Laws to resolve the dispute over the status of slavery in territory gained from Mexico, Fugitive Slave Act was amended and slave trade was abolished, admitted California as a free state- created more dispute over the status of states
What were the effects on the northern economy being dominated by Republican majority Congress?
High tariffs on imported goods, enacted a mercantilist program, promoted domestic manufacturing- allowed to fund the war
What was the outcome and importance of the Battles of Antietam and Gettysburg?
Antietam: Union victory- gave Lincoln an appropriate time to issue the Emancipation Proclamation and convinced European powers to stay out of the Civil War, permanently fired McClellan afterwards
Gettysburg: Union victory- turned the war around in favor of the Union and ended Lee's second attempt to invade the North
Why did the Confederates secede [their goal] and its impact?
To preserve their institution of slavery and in response to Lincoln's election, believed their rights were in danger; essentially spurred the start of the American Civil War as the Union attempted to reunite the U.S with war
What was Lincoln's military strategy at the beginning of the American Civil War and its significance?
Wanted to embark on a military campaign to unite the Union instead of blockading and peaceful persuasion- striking at the capital of the Confederacy but eventually withdrew due to the Confederate victory at Bull Run
What is the significance and effects of Uncle Tom's Cabin?
An anti-slavery novel written by Harriet Beecher Stowe that showed the immorality of slavery and increased a moral debate over slavery
What is the significance of the Election of 1864 and how did it split the Democrats?
Lincoln won the election which allowed for the consistency in Union military victories and the cause for ending slavery at the end of the war; Democrats were split over war policy where War Democrats wanted to continue fighting until the rebellion ended while Peace Democrats wanted a peace settlement after stopping hostilities
What is the significance of the Confederacy's relationship with Great Britain?
Britain relied on the south's cotton for their economy as they used the raw material to manufacture textiles and were considering to assist the Confederates
What is the significance of the Conscription Act of 1863 (draft) and the complaints of draftees?
Required soldiers serve for the rest of the duration of the war, mandated military service in both Union and Confederacy; laborers and yeomen complained that they had the disadvantage of the draft as planters could avoid service and pay a substitute ("rich man's war, poor man's fight") immigrants complained that it was not their war, northern Democrats criticized Lincoln for drafting poor whites to free blacks (that would take their jobs), southerners refused to serve as the Confederacy's sovereignty vested in the states and could not compel service
What was Lincoln's dubious (suspicious) legality when issuing the Emancipation Proclamation and its significance?
Lincoln used his position as commander in chief for the legal grounds to issue to the proclamation
What was the role of religion in the abolitionist movement?
How were the beliefs of the Democrats and Republicans during the Election of 1864?
Republican: supported Lincoln's war strategy, demanded unconditional surrender of the Confederacy, called for the abolishment of slavery
Democrat: rejected emancipation, condemned Lincoln suspending habeas corpus, split over war policy
What is the significance of the role of black Americans in the Civil War?
Some blacks took wartime as an opportunity to run away to Northern camps where they were taken as refugees which perpetuated to Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation; some blacks also fought for the Union and contributed to the war effort
What is habeas corpus and its significance?
Writs issued by state judges for draftees to avoid military service and ordered the army to release reluctant draftees (protects against "random" imprisonment); the government overall was still able to override these writs
What would have been Lincoln's Reconstruction Plan compared to Johnson's Reconstruction Plan?
Lincoln would have been more concerned for the rights of freedpeople than Johnson
Lincoln attempted to grant office qualifications and the return to the Union if the former Confederacy's minority swore a loyalty oath and approved the 13th amendment (recognized freedpeople) [Ten Percent Plan]; Johnson often disagreed with Republicans, confiscated property from blacks for whites, pardoned former Confederates- were both lenient on the South
Who is Frederick Douglass and his significance?
Was a former slave, significant figure in abolitionist movement, gave accounts of his experience as a slave which gave a new voice to the abolitionist movement- fought for black Americans and women's rights
What was the significance of the 13th amendment?
Legally abolished slavery in the U.S which freed many former slaves
What were the terms, effects, and impact of the Emancipation Proclamation?
The Emancipation Proclamation only legally freed slaves in the Confederacy, made the abolishment of slavery an end goal of the war (served as a huge stepping stone to end slavery), made European powers back out from assisting the Confederacy for moral reasons
How did the Union and Confederates fund their war?
Union: high tariffs on imported goods, boosted agriculture by giving farmers "free land", created national banking system
Confederacy: printing more money (caused inflation), controlled foreign trade, used slave labor, built infrastructure, attempt to tax but Confederate Congress refused and was met with protest