Cellular respiration.
1. Which cells undergo cell division in cellular membranes?
A. prokaryotic cells
B.Eukaryotic cells
C. both A and B
D. Prison cells
1. Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells
1. Which of these elements is NOT a constituent of Carbohydrates?
A. Carbon
B. Hydrogen
C. Oxygen
D. Nitrogen
1.Nitrogen
1. True or false. Does entropy increase when solids react to form liquids and gases?
1. True
4. Which enzyme is incorrectly paired with its function?
A.Helicase - the DNA molecule "unzipping".
B.Gyrase - relieves tension in the unzipping DNA strands.
C.DNA polymerase III - adds DNA nucleosides to a DNA template.
D.RNA polymerase - adds RNA nucleosides to a growing rRNA strand
1. D
1. If you were to add pure water to a plant, what type of situation would you create?
2. Suppose a certain poison kills human cells by blocking pores in the nuclear membrane. Explain why it would or would not kill bacteria.
1. A hypotonic situation (there is more water outside the cell)
2. It would not kill the bacteria because bacteria do not have a nuclear membrane because they it prokaryotic.
1. Mention 4 roles of proteins in cell membranes.
1.A.Enzymatic activity
B. Transport
C. Triggering signals
D. Attachment and recognition
1. What effect does the tendency of water molecules to stick together cause?
Acts to moderate temperature
Provides surface tension that allows insects to walk on water
Keeps waver moving through the vessels in a tree trunk
All of the above
1. All of the above.
1. Name any two applications of the first law of thermodynamics.
1. converting sunlight energy into chemical energy.
converting Chemical energy to mechanical energy.
1. What is the incorrect pair of the following nitrogenous bases in DNA?
A.adenine and thymine
B.cytosine and guanine
C.uracil and guanine
1. C
1. Cellulose is the most abundant organic compound on earth. Why is it important to animals?
2. Bacteria are often associated with illness. Why is this a misconception?
1. When we eat cellulose, the bacteria in our stomach break it down because the stomach cells cannot; therefore, the bacteria release vitamins and we have a greater variety of bacteria and more vitamins. It also helps to get the digestive tract moving.
2. Most bacteria are actually helpful to humans, but the few that are harmful have given the rest a bad wrap.
1. What role does NAD+ play in redox reactions?
1. which building block does the chemical formula of R-CH(NH2)-COOH
A.Nucleotide
B.Fatty acid
C.Simple sugar
D.Amino acid
1.(D) .amino acid
True or false. Enzymes do lower the activation energy of a reaction and increase the rate of a spotaneous reaction.
1.True
1. What is the importance of tRNA in translation in protein synthesis?
1. Transfer RNA serves as a link between the messenger RNA molecule and the growing chain of amino acids that make up a protein.
1. How can you tell a saturated fat from a polyunsaturated fat in the grocery store?
2. Bacteria in your mouth convert foods containing sugar and starch into acids that can cause cavities in your teeth. These bacteria will be present even if you brush your teeth, floss, or use mouthwash. Why are these habits important?
1. polyunsaturated fat will be liquid at room temp and saturated fat will be solid at room temp because of the shape of their peptide bonds.
2. If you get rid of the sugars and starches in your mouth, the bacteria will have nothing to convert to acids.
1. How is the function of a vacuole in animals and plants different?
1. it provides storage and contains wastes while in plants, maintaining cell size and shape.
Which other word might describe complex carbohydrates?
A.MonosaccharideDisaccharidePolysaccharide
B.Polysaccharide
C.Disaccharide
D.B and C
(1)B. polysaccharide.
1. How does body temperature affect enzyme activity?
1. Raising temperature speeds up a reaction, and lowering temperature slows down a reaction.
1. It is because we need our bodies to be able to build the proteins that we need to perform important functions. Without protein synthesis, our bodies will not be able to make components like hormones, enzymes, and even new muscle
1. Suppose you had a friend who wanted to entirely avoid eating fats. What functions of lipids could you describe to convince her that fats are important to her health?
2. If qualitative data depends on subjective observations of the observer, are qualitative data less valuable in research?
1. fats are the greatest source of energy for our bodies and brain cells only use fats for energy and she would become vitamin/mineral deficient without some fats
2.qualitative data is less valuable than quantitative because it is subject to the opinion of the observer but it is still valuable
1.Why is it beneficial for cells to use ATP rather than directly using the energy stored in the bonds of carbohydrates to power cellular reactions?
1. ATP is readily available in the form of a single unit that provides a consistent, appropriate amount of energy
1. which statement is not the true reason why carbon is the basic building block for carbohydrates and other important molecules?
A. Carbon readily makes four stable bonds.
B.Carbon is a very dense & heavy element, giving living things stability.
C.Carbon has a high natural linking for Oxygen & Hydrogen, which make bonds easily with C
1. B. Carbon is a very dense & heavy element, giving living things stability.
1. Glycolysis leads to the production of ____________ and two molecules of ATP. In the absence of oxygen, fermentation leads to the production of ______________. Glycolysis plus the citric acid cycle can convert the carbons of glucose to _________, storing the energy as ATP, _____________ and ___________.
1. pyruvate, lactic acid, CO2, NADH, FADH2
1. Why is it important to study molecular genetics in high school?
It enables us to understand how molecules have evolved and changed, and what has brought about these changes
1. The mitochondria in your cells must use glucose in order to function. Explain why your body can still function, although temporarily, in a starvation/fasting situation.
2. Insulin is a hormone that serves as a ligand (signal) to tell cells to take glucose in. What would happen if the receptor for insulin was damaged?
1. We accumulate/store glucose in the liver (glycogen) and other places in our body like muscle cells and fat cells to be used later. The stored glucose can be used in fasting/staving situations for a short period of time.
2.there would be too much glucose in the blood because the cells were not told to take in glucose and there is a specific shape for each receptor