HTN
The PRESSURE created by the circulating blood through the arteries, veins, and the chambers of the heart.
What is preload?
Preload is the initial stretching of the cardiac myocyte (muscle cells) during ventricular filling/prior to contraction
Bumetanide (Bumex), Ethacrynic acid (Edecrin), Furosemide (Lasix), and Torsemide (Demadex) are which type of diuretics?
Loop diuretics
Which category of antihypertensives drugs end in "PRIL?" For example, Linosopril.
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) Inhibitor
How do you say blood pressure in Spanish?
Pression de sangre
Define systolic blood pressure.
The MAXIMUM pressure in the aorta and major arteries during LEFT VENTRICULAR CONTRACTION.
What is Stroke Volume?
Stroke volume is the volume of blood EJECTED from each ventricle due to contraction of heart muscle.
What is the advantage of using potassium-sparing diuretics?
Does not cause potassium depletion like loop diuretics.
Induced cough, dizziness, hypotension, hyperkalemia, & worsening renal insufficiency.
What is the sign language for blood pressure?
Use a right "C" hand. Pat the left bicep twice as if showing the cuff used when taking someone's blood pressure.
The MINIMUM pressure in the aorta and major arteries during CARDIAC RELAXATION.
Cardiac output is the the AMOUNT of blood pumped by the heart EACH MINUTE.
Which type of diuretic is the INITIAL drug of choice for HTN?
Thiazide diuretics
What is the first line RAAS drug prescribed for HTN?
ACE inhibitors ("PRIL") Benazepril (Losentin), Captopril (Capoten), Enalapril (Vasotec), Fosinopril (Monopril), Linisopril (Prinivil, Zestril), Quinapril (Accupril), Ramipril (Altace)
T/F There are about 103 million people who have high blood pressure in the United States.
True
What is the best position for obtaining a blood pressure?
The patient is seated with legs uncrossed, with back and arms supported, and feet on the floor.
Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP) = DBP + 1/3 (SBP-DBP) or DBP + (1/3 x PP) (normal range 70-100 mmHg) At least MAP 60 mmHg to ensure enough blood flow to vital organs (brain, heart, kidneys).
Identify 1 nursing responsibility when using Loop Diuretics.
1. Monitor for hypokalemia, dehydration, and orthostatic hypotension. 2. Monitor for ototoxicity (damage to the inner ear, potentially causing hearing loss).
What is the second-line RAAS drug used for HTN?
Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers (ARBs)
When was the first published measurement of blood pressure?
The English clergyman Stephen hales made the first published measurement of blood pressure in 1733.
How is blood pressure regulated?
Neural regulation (pons & medulla), arterial baroreceptors, regulation of fluid volume, and neurohumoral regulation.
What is Systemic Vascular Resistance (SVR)?
Systemic Vascular Resistance (SVR) is the RESISTANCE to the flow of blood determined by the vascular musculature and diameter of blood vessels.
Spironolactone is which type of diuretic?
Potassium-sparing diuretic
What are other categories of antihypertensive drugs available for treatment of HTN?
Nonselective beta-adrenergic blockers, alpha blockers, selective beta1 beta blockers, non-selective (beta1 and beta 2) beta blockers, alpha/beta blockers, central acting alpha blockers
HTN is a major risk factor for which cardiovascular diseases?
Stroke, heart disease, and heart failure