DNA
This is the basic building block of DNA
What is a nucleotide?
This type of RNA is produced in the nucleus and travels to ribosomes to produce proteins.
What is messenger RNA or mRNA?
These two scientists were credited with discovering the structure of DNA.
Who are Watson and Crick?
This scientist conducted experiments with peas and was the first to discover the principles of inheritance.
Who was Gregor Mendel?
These pieces of DNA are created during DNA replication to become the new lagging strand of DNA.
What are Okazaki fragments?
This is the coding part of a DNA nucleotide.
What is the nitrogenous base?
This type of RNA transports amino acids to the ribosomes during protein synthesis.
What is transfer RNA or tRNA?
This woman scientist took x-ray photos of DNA that were instrumental in Watson and Crick's discovery of the structure of DNA.
Who is Rosalind Franklin?
In an experiment in 1952 viruses were given radioactive phosphorus which then showed up inside of cells that had been infected with the viruses. This helped prove how inheritance was transferred because this molecule has phosphorus while proteins do not.
What is DNA?
This is the name of the 3 base code for both DNA and RNA
What is a codon?
This is the name of the twisted ladder shape of DNA.
What is a double helix?
This enzyme regulates RNA synthesis and moves along the template strand of DNA in the 3' to 5' direction.
What is RNA polymerase?
This scientist discovered that the amount of guanine and cytosine in an organisms DNA is nearly equal and also that the amount of adenine and thymine is nearly equal.
Who is Erwin Chargaff?
In a 1828 experiment, strains of pneumonia bacteria that did not cause disease later gained the ability to cause disease after they were exposed to dead bacteria that had this kind of coating that made them smooth on the outside.
What is a sugar coat?
This is the name of the process where mRNA connect to a ribosome to produce a protein.
What is translation?
This consists of DNA wrapped around the histone proteins.
What is a nucleosome?
For a section of DNA with the following code: GTTACTAGC, the corresponding mRNA section would be this:
What is CAAUGAUCG?
These two scientists used viruses and radioactive labeling to prove that DNA is the genetic material in living things that provide heredity.
Who are Hershey and Chase?
Oswald Avery's experiment in 1944 really proved that DNA was the molecule of inheritance, but most scientists did not believe him because they were sure that this type of molecule was the inheritance molecule.
What are proteins?
This is a substance that causes a mutation.
What is a mutagen?
This is the name of the fibers formed from DNA and histone proteins that supercoil to form chromosomes that are visible during some stages of cell growth.
What is chromatin?
With what does the synthesis of a new strand of DNA begin?
What is RNA primer?
This scientist used two strains of pneumonia bacteria to show that the harmless strain could acquire the ability to cause disease from the other strain, suggesting that some kind of molecule was transferring heredity.
Who was Fredrick Griffith?
According to Chargaff's rule, if the amount of cytosine in an organism's DNA is 22%, the amount of adenine must be this.
What is 28%?
This is the name of the process whereby mRNA is produced from DNA in the nucleus.
What is transcription?