Human Nutrition
Which systems are involved in human nutrition
The digestive, respiratory, circulatory and excretory systems
What two types of processes are involved in digestion?
Mechanical and chemical
What is the name for the kind of movement that the bolts makes down the oesophagus?
Peristaltic
What are the three parts of the small intestine in order?º
Duodenum, jejunum, and the ileum
What is the role of the respiratory system?
1. Provide the body with o2
2. Release co2
What are the two main functions fo the systems involved in human nutrition?
Providing cell nutrition and eliminating waste products
What is the name of the enzyme in saliva that breaks down starch?º
Amylase
What 2 things make up the gastric juices?
Pepsin and hydrochloric acid
What are the two functions of the pancreas?
1. Controls glucose (with the hormones insulin and glucagon)
2. Secretes pancreatic juice
What muscles are involved in pulmonary respiration?
1. Diaphragm
2. Intercostal muscles
What is the digestive system made up of?
Gastrointestinal tract and the accessory glands
What are the functions of:
1 incisor
2 canine
3 premolar
4 molar
1: cut the food
2: tear the food
3 and 4: crush the food
What is chyme?
It’s the substance formed from a mixture of food and gastric juices
What is the function of pancreatic juice?
Contains enzymes to digest fat carbohydrates and proteins, and reduces the acidity of the chyme
What is the role of the epiglottis?
Prevents food from entering the respiratory tract
What type of tissue lines the digestive tract?
Mucous membrane
what are the functions of saliva?
Start digestions of starch
destroys some bacteria
eases the bolus into the pharynx
What are the names of the stomach´s valves and where are they located?
Cardia- between the oesophageal and the stomach
pylorus - between the stomach and the small intestine
Where is the ileocecal valve?
Between the small and large intestines
During inspiration and expiration, what happens to the volume of the ribs cage and the diaphragm
INSPIRATION- The rib cage increases in volume and the diaphragm contracts
EXPIRATION - the rib cage volume gets smaller and the diaphragm relaxes
Name three accessory glands
salivary glands
liver
pancreas
How many baby and adult teeth are there?
20 baby teeth and 32 adult teeth
How does the pylorus know to open?
Where there is a high level of acidity in the stomach
Whatis the name of he duct where pancreatic juice enters the duodenum?
ampulla of vater
List in order the elements of the respiratory tract
a. Nasal cavities
b. Nasal sinus
c. Pharynx
d. Larynx ⇒ vocal chords
e. Trachea
f. Bronchi
g. Bronchioles