Species Differences
Cattle, horses, sheep, goats
Herbivores eat plants
Which area has a lower pH? Stomach vs small intestine
Small Intestine- alkaline
Bile acids help digest what?
Fat.
Horses do not have gallbladders
Name the part of the tooth that contains nerves and blood?
Pulp
Which area of the heart initiates the beat?
SA node
Cats, dogs
What is a muscular tube that extends from the pharynx to the stomach? No digestion takes place here
Esophagus
Which cells make hydrochloric acid?
Parietal cells
What is the difference between prehension and mastication?
Prehension- grasping food with the lips or teeth
Mastication- mechanical digestion, grinding/breaking down food
P wave- atrial depolorization
QRS- ventricular depolorization
T wave- ventricular repolorization
Rumen, reticulum, omasum, and the abomasum
Eructation (burping)
What is the difference between the pericardium and the epicardium?
Pericardium- fibrous connective tissue sac covering heart
Epicardium- outermost layer of the heart
What is the difference between the occlusal surface vs the lingual surface?
Occlusal surface- the surface on which the teeth come together
Lingual surface- inner surface of the teeth of the lower arcade
What is the difference between systole and diastole in terms of the heart?
Systole- contraction of the atria and ventricles
Diastole- Relaxation of the heart where blood in filling
Which species are hind gut fermenters?
Horses and rabbits, guinea pigs, rats, swine
If I wanted to prevent Hardware disease (animal consumes metal foreign body) I would place a magnet in patient. Where does that magnet go once it is in the animal's body? (Which stomach compartment)
Where does the esophagus enter the stomach? (specific anatomy)
Cardia of the stomach
Remember the strong cardiac sphinter is what makes horses and rabbits unable to vomit
What teeth do ruminants not have?
Upper incisiors and upper canines
What is the moderator band?
Gives the wall of the right ventricular structural support
What are the 4 sections of large intestine in the horse?
1.Cecum
2. Ventral colon- left ventral colon narrow into the pelvic flexure which is a common site of feed impactions in the horse
3. Dorsal colon
4. Small colon
Name the salivary glands of mouth?
Parotid- located ventral to the ear canals
Mandibular- located ventral to parotid glands at caudal angle of mandible
Sublingual salivary glands- under the tongue
What cells produce insulin?
Beta cells in the islets of Langerhans
What is the adult feline dental formula?
I3/3 C 1/1 P3/2 M1/1
What is stroke volume?
The amount of blood ejected with each cardiac contraction
cardiac output- the volume of blood that leaves the heart per minute!