Oncology
What is the most common lung cancer?
Metastasis
What organ makes rbc’s if the bone marrow is destroyed?
Spleen
What does insulin do?
What does glucagon do?
increase blood glucose
What inhibits prolactin?
Dopamine
Risk factor for bladder transitional cell aderocarcinama
Smoking or alanine dyes
Lead poisoning inhibits what enzyme in heme synthesis?
inhibits ferrochelatase and ALA dehydratase
An alcoholic would show what on their liver lab tests?
AST:ALT….2:1 ratio,
What enzyme is responsible for cataracts in the eye?
Aldose reductase
What does hyperaldosteronism do to the following…….
Na….K…..BP….PH
Na….increase
K…..decrease
BP….increase
PH….increase
What cancer has a t(9:22) translocation?
CML
MOA of heparin
Enhances the activity of anti thrombin 3
Rate limiting enzyme of fatty acid synthesis?
acetyl-CoA carboxylase
What metabolic disorder visually presents at the age of 6 month after the introduction of fruits in the diet?
Fructosemia
Name a ding that could cause nephrogenic DI?
Lithium
Most common heart tumor?
Myxoma
What clotting factors does PTT test for?
The intrinsic pathway consists of factors I, II, IX, X, XI, and XII.
Name one physiologic action of steroids?
Proteolysis or gluconeogenesis
What are the 4 causes of secretory diarrhea?
What type oft receptor would cortisol bind to?
Nuclear receptor
What gene is mutated in a pt with the following symptoms
VHL gene mutation
Von Hippel-Lindau Disease
What is the diagnosis?
A 21-year-old woman with past medical history of SLE presents with fever, fatigue, and altered mental status. On physical exam, a petechial rash is seen on her upper extremities. Her temperature is 103°F (39.4°C). Her labs are notable for Hgb 7.3 g/dL, platelets 17,000/mm3, and creatinine (high) of 3.4 mg/dL.
Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (TTP)
What is the diagnosis?
A 2-month-old boy is brought to the pediatrician by his parents due to feeding difficulties and an “enlarged” abdomen. On physical exam, there is insufficient weight gain and hepatosplenomegaly. On laboratory testing, there is a decrease in high-density lipoprotein (HDL)- cholesterol, elevated triglycerides, and an increase in LDL-cholesterol. Residual acid sphingomyelinase activity in peripheral blood leukocytes is <10% of controls.
Niemann-Pick Disease
What is the diagnosis?
A 16-year-old boy presents to his primary care physician with a complaint of fatigue and muscle cramps. He recently tried out for his high school basketball team and found himself exhausted and unable to run after performing a set of high intensity sprints. He notes that after resting briefly, he is able to get a “second wind.” After practice, he noticed that his urine was a brown color. Laboratory results are significant for an elevated creatine kinase level of 1,423 U/L (normal < 200 U/L). There was no elevation of lactate levels on forearm nonischemic testing. ()
McArdle disease
An 35-year-old woman has had insomnia for the past 4 months, as well as episodes of diarrhea with up to 4 loose stools per day. On physical examination, she exhibits bilateral proptosis. Her outstretched hands have a fine tremor. On palpation of her neck, the thyroid gland does not appear to be enlarged and no masses are palpable. Laboratory studies show a serum TSH of 8.8 microU/mL in association with a serum total thyroxine of 15.1 microgram/dL. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
Pituitary adenoma