Colonialism: Why?
What is a Mother Country?
A country that controls one or more colonies
What are the three rules established at the Berlin Conference?
•No slavery within the colonies
•You must be established on a piece of land in order to colonize it
•The rivers will be shared amongst all the countries
Why were living conditions terrible even after the abolishment of slavery?
•Unliveable wage
•Terrible working conditions
•Abuse
What are the 3 reactions to European colonization?
•Attempts of rebellion
•Negotiate or collaborate
•Join the colonial army for privileges (know these privileges
Inspired by Europe, which other country began colonizing land around them and became an industrial & imperial power?
Japan
Why did European countries start colonizing Africa in the first place?
Power & influence (imperialism) AND money
What is the Scramble for Africa?
Rivalries between the different European countries to conquer Africa
What were the consequences of the Berlin Conference?
•No respect for existing territories of different ethnic and religious groups of Africa
•Intensified existing tensions between African society
What did Europeans think of the rivalries between different African ethnic groups?
They favoured some groups over others.
What have mother countries done in order to try and make amends with their colonies?
They have created organizations to foster political, economic and cultural relations between their nations
Name two of the most powerful mother countries.
France and UK
Give me 5 examples of natural resources found in Africa.
Minerals, Ivory, Wood, Climate & Soil, Cocoa Beans, Cotton
What is the lie regarding European Superiority?
Discrimination that reinforces racism
Belief that they are better than Africans because of their skin colour and societal advancement
Why were African artisans unable to make a living? Where were they forced to work instead?
Inhabitants were forced to buy European goods instead of local products. They were forced to work in mines or on plantations owned by Europeans because they have no other options.
Name a territory that does not belong to any one nation
•International Waters
•Antartica
Define colonialism.
The control, occupation, and exploitation of a territory and its peoples by an external state.
What 3 things happened at the Berlin conference?
•Africa was divided into 50 territories
•Major European powers negotiated claims to them
•Established the rules for future colonization of the interior continent
Even after the Berlin conference, there were still disputes over Africa. These disputes led to which two events?
•Arms Race
•First World War
How did Europeans devalue African heritage?
•Construction of building with mother country architecture
•Stole artifacts and art from African kingdoms: placed in European museums
What are three characteristics of sovereign states?
•Determine their own system of government
•Have territorial boundaries that are recognized by other countries
•Eligible to be members of the UN
What are the three necessary conditions for industrial development?
Raw materials, access to capital, consumer markets
What was one major flaw with the Berlin conference?
Not one African leader was invited
What were components of the colonial pacts?
•Colonies could only trade with their mother country
•Colonies must provide raw materials to mother countries at a low price
•Buy its manufactures goods in return at a price determined by the mother country
What is acculturation? Mention elements that make up acculturation.
Process of one culture being absorbed by another, typically dominant culture.
•Teach language, laws, and history of the mother country
•Convert the population to Christianity
•Teach Christian values and traditions
Why did Japan close its borders to foreigners?
They viewed the arrival of European merchants and missionaries as a threat to Japanese culture.