Properties of Acids and Bases
Strength of Acids and Bases
The pH scale
Chemical Reactions
Miscellaneous
100
List three unique characteristics of a base?
Bitter taste, slippery, produce hydroxide ions, exists as a crystalline solid when undissolved, turns litmus blue. pH above 7, pink in phenolphthalein.
100
Define strong and weak acid/base.
Strong acid/base: ionizes (dissociates) completely in solution
Weak acid/base: partially ionizes in solution
100
Diagram the pH scale with the following terms:
a. acidic
b. basic
c. neutral
d, more H3O+
e. more OH-
100
HCl + H2O ----->
H3O+ + Cl-
100
What is an indicator? Give an example.
Indicator is an organic substance used to identify the presence of an acid or base based on a color changing reaction.
Example: litmus, phenolphthalein
200
List three unique characteristics of an acid?
sour taste, produces hydrogen ions, produces hydronium ions in water, reacts with magnesium, turns litmus red, pH lower than 7, clear in phenolphthalein.
200
__________ and _________ refer to the amount of an acid or base in solution.
Dilute and Concentration
200
Classify the following substances as acidic, basic, or neutral based on the given pH.
a. battery acid - 1.5 b. sea water - 8.5
c. milk - 6.7 d. ammonia - 12
e. lemon juice - 2.5 f. apple - 3.0
a. acid b. base
c. base d. base
e. acid f. acid
200
(H2O)
Ca(OH)2 ---->
Ca+2 + 2OH-
200
A ______ is a solution containing ions that react with added acids or bases to minimize their effects on pH.
buffers
300
List two characteristics shared by acids and bases?
Corrosive, reacts with water, reacts with indicators
300
How do you differentiate between strong and weak acids & bases in a reaction?
Strong acids and bases have a single yield sign.
Weak acids and bases has a double yield sign.
300
The pH of a solution is related to the concentration of __________________ ions in solution.
H3O+(hydronium)
300
NH3 + H2O --->
OH- + NH4+
300
A process in which a solution of known concentration is used to determine the concentration of another substance is called a(n) _____________.
Titration
400
Classify the following substances as an acid or a base.
a.HClO3 b. Mg(OH)2
c.NaOH d.Ca(OH)2
e. KOH f. HF
g. H2SO4 h. H2CO3
a. acid b. base
c. base d. base
e. base f. acid
g. acid h. acid
400
Which solution has the highest concentration of hydroxide ions?
a. NH3 b. H2O c. HClO3
a. NH3
400
Is the pH of a strong acid higher or lower than the pH of a weak acid with the same concentration? Why?
Lower; more ions are dissociated in a strong acid solution than the weak acid solution.
400
HC2H3O2 + H2O --->
H3O+ + C2H3O2-
400
How are salts formed during a neutralization reaction?
The positive ion of the base and the negative ion of the acid combine to form the neutral salt compound.
500
Classify the following solutions as acidic, basic, or neutral.
solution 1: reacts with magnesium
solution 2: Has a pH of 10
solution 3: Turns pink in phenolphthalein.
solution 4: Does NOT change litmus paper blue or red
1: acid
2: base
3: base
4: neutral
500
Which of the following solutions (assuming the same concentration) would conduct the most electricity?
a. NH3 b. Sugar c. HCl d. H2O
c. HCl
500
Why is pure water a neutral substance?
The number of H3O+ ions equals the number of OH- ions.
500
HClO3 + NaOH ---->
H2O + NaClO3
500
HCl + Ca(OH)2 --->
H2O + CaCl2