Industry
What was the hearth of the industrial revolution?
England
What’s one economic indicator of development?
GNP, GDP, GNI, per capita GNI, formal economy, informal economy, GINI coefficient
What’s a maquiladora?
A US-run company on the border between US and Mexico
Define agglomeration
Clustering/concentration of people or activities, businesses benefit from close proximity to other similar businesses
What rule does the Brandt line follow?
MDCs tend to be in the Northern Hemisphere, LDCs tend to be in the Southern Hemisphere
What’s one environmental problem caused by industrialization?
Large consumption of water, disruption of natural runoff, air pollution/air quality, lack of access to fresh water, use of fossil fuels
What’s the main social indicator of development?
Human development index
Where are EPZs commonly found?
Undeveloped/developing countries
What are the 3 factors of Weber’s least cost theory model?
Transportation costs, labor costs, cost of agglomeration
Give an example of a country in the high mass consumption stage of Rostow’s Model
Japan, South Korea, Eastern Europe, US, Canada
What’s an example of a tertiary sector job?
Services (ex. Retail, shipping, designs, marketing, restaurant, etc)
Core: USA, Japan, England, etc
Semi-periphery: BRIC countries
Periphery: sub-Saharan Africa
Define SEZ
Special economic zone: specific area within a country, gets tax and investment incentives to attract both foreign and domestic business and investment
What’s the difference between a bulk reducing industry and a bulk gaining industry?
Bulk reducing means inputs weigh more than outputs, bulk gaining means outputs weigh more than inputs
Describe the difference between outsourcing and offshoring?
Outsourcing is the practice of contacting part of production to other nations for cheaper labor
Offshoring is a decision by a corporation to turn over much of the responsibility to independent suppliers
What are the 4 primary industrial regions?
Western and Central Europe, Eastern North America, Russia and Ukraine, Eastern Asia
What’s the difference between gross national product and gross domestic product?
National includes goods and services both inside and outside of the country, domestic is just within the country
Define EPZ
Export processing zones: provide tax breaks and loose environmental policies for foreign companies, provides income to developing country (investment, employment opportunities for residents)
Define Hotelling’s model of locational interdependence
You can’t understand the location of one industry without reference to other industries of the same kind
Why is the Brandt line not commonly used anymore?
Newly industrialized countries located in the Southern Hemisphere
Why is Eastern North America a primary industrial region?
Coal as a resource, the megalopolis of NY
What are the 5 stages of Rostow’s model?
Traditional society, pre-conditions to take off, take off, drive to maturity, high mass consumption
What’s the difference between an SEZ and an EPZ?
SEZs are larger, EPZ only found in developing countries
Define Losch’s model of zone of profitability
Manufacturing plants will choose locations where they can maximize profit
Name all 4 barriers to development
Social conditions, foreign debt, disease, political corruption and instability