KINGS & QUEENS
William the Conqueror, Duke of Normandy, invaded England and became King in this battle
What is the Battle of Hastings?
The lie told by Pope Urban II to convince leaders to fight in the Crusades
How the leaders would earn their way to heaven?
Irish monks were on this island when the Vikings arrived, but soon left after their arrival
What is Iceland?
Theologians in the Middle Ages sparked this great movement that would take place over a hundred years later
What is the Protestant Reformation?
The unorganized Crusade led by Peter the Hermit and Walter the Penniless that ended in complete disaster
What is the People's Crusade?
The most well-known explorer who was influenced by Marco Polo's travels
Who is Christopher Columbus?
The three claiming the throne of England after the death of Edward the Confessor
Who were William of Normandy, Harold of Wessex and Harold of Norway?
The order of friars started by 12 men following St. Francis' example of taking a vow of poverty and serving others
What are the Franciscans?
The constellation of stars in the shape of a cross that can be seen only from countries south of the equator
Wycliffe's criticism was a threat to this institution
What was the Roman Catholic Church?
King Richard was able to secure a treaty that allowed Christians the ability to make pilgrimage to this holy city
What is Jerusalem?
The empire began by Genghis Khan
What is the Mongol Empire?
His jealous brother, a pagan, planned to kill this ruler and he forgave him
Who is Wenceslas?
The county of Edessa, the principality of Antioch, the county of Tripoli and the kingdom of Jerusalem
What are the 4 Christian kingdoms, called the Crusader States?
The work written by Thomas Aquinas that pulled together ideas from other philosophers and the Bible in order to explain Christianity to Muslims
What was Summa Theologica?
He was called the "Morning Star of the Reformation," he translated the Bible from the Latin Vulgate to English.
Who was John Wycliffe?
The battle cry for the Crusaders
What is "God Wills It!"?
These two countries are found in extreme locations on opposite sides of the earth and share many similarities
What are Iceland and New Zealand?
This Duke of Bohemia, raised by Christian grandparents, became a strong Christian ruler.
Who was Wenceslas?
He was tricked into attending the Council of Constance and condemned to burn at the stake for spreading Wycliffe's ideas.
Who is Johy Wycliffe?
The son of Erik the Red, he was converted to Christianity through his relationship with King Olaf of Norway and brought the gospel back to Greenland
Who was Leif Erikson?
The first book printed on the Gutenberg Press
What is Jerome's Latin Vulgate?
The plague spread by rats and fleas that killed over 50 million people in Europe
What is Black Death?
This ruler was extremely curious about other cultures and hired foreigners in his court, one of which was Marco Polo.
Who was Kublai Khan?
This general declared himself king of Scotland after killing King Duncan I and became the subject of a Shakespearean play
Who was Macbeth?
This king of Sicily was named Holy Roman Emperor before age 5 and was raised by Pope Innocent III.
Who was Frederick II?
He spread God's Word in Europe and beyond through his invention of the printing press.
Who is Johannes Gutenberg?
They believed in spreading the Word of God and gave out handwritten copies of the Bible
Who were the Lollards?
A military genius who claimed to receive a vision from God and led the French to defeat England and crown Charles VII, king of France
Who is Joan of Arc?
Iceland has this nickname because 1/3 of the island is ice and yet it has more volcanic acticity than any other island in the world
What is the "Land of Fire and Ice?"
This document was drafted by a group of nobles and barons to force King John to comply with the law of England
What is the Magna Carta?
The Egyptian Coptic Orthodox Church claims to have been saved from the decree of an Islamic caliph by this event
What is the miracle at Mokattam Mountain?
The great city that was overtaken by Ottoman Turks who changed the name to Instanbul
What is Constantinople?
He was dismissed from the church for teaching from the Bible and was eventually put to death
Who is Peter Bruis?
The ongoing conflict between these two countries resulted in the Hundred Years' War
What are England and France?
The people who traveled from Siberia in northern Russia to North America and on to Greenland thousands of years before Erik the Red settled Greenland
Who are the Saqqaq people?
The system of governance where the king owned all land and gave portions to barons, who then loaned smaller portions to knights, who then loaned even smaller portions to serfs
What is the feudal system?
This 40 year dispute was over whether the rightful pope was from France, Rome or Germany
What was the Western Schism?
The revival of Christianity in Spain led to this takeover of lands from Muslims
What is the Reconquista?
The Lollards set up the first of these in England
What is the printing press?
The sultan of Egypt who recaptured Jerusalem causing a call for the Third Crusade
Who is Saladin?
People learned about the travels of Marco Polo through this book
What is The Book of Marco Polo?
The woman who was Queen of France and then Queen of England; she was also mother to two kings of England
Who is Eleanor of Aquitaine?
The struggle between Henry IV and Pope Gregory VII over whether the king had the right to choose church leaders
What is the Investiture Controversy?
This kingdom once ruled over Egypt, but was pushed south and later embraced Christianity
What is the Kingdom of Kush?
This group introduced people to the Bible through going out as merchants to sell jewelry and cloth
Who were the Waldensians?
Led by Stephen of Cloyes (France) and Nicholas (Germany), this crusade led to many deaths and being sold into slavery
What is the Children's Crusade?
David Livingstone, a Scottish missionary, was the first European to see this natural wonder of the world
What is Victoria Falls?
He was a terrible king who taxed the people, chose not to obey the laws of his own land and despised the church
Who was King John?
The ruler of Kievan Rus who established Eastern Orthodox churches all across the kingdom based on how impressed he was with the beauty of the buildings in the Byzantine Empire
Who is Vladimir I?
The Turks took over the Balkans and did this to gain control of Christian cities
Why did the Turks tax the Christians?
This follower of Christ funded translations of the Bible into French and lived a long life, but his followers were the target of a crusade against heretics
Who is Peter Waldo?
The Seljuk Turks took back Edessa and Antioch in the Second Crusade led by this king of France
Who is Louis VII?
The action that prompted the Crusades
What was the Seljuk Turks invasion of the Holy Land and persecution of Christians and Jews?
After years of fighting, he was finally recognized as king of Scotland by Edward III and English claim to Scotland was renounced
Who is Robert Bruce?
Germany, Bohemia, Burgundy, and northern Italy became known as this Empire under Otto I
What is the Holy Roman Empire?
The artists, scientists, and thinkers of the Byzantine Empire fled to Western Europe after the Muslim takeover of Constantinople which ushered in what great period
What is the Renaissance?
Gutenberg borrowed from this idea to build the fram for the first printing press
What is the cheese press?
Joan of Arc was put to death by the English in 1431. She was convicted of these two crimes.
What was heresy and witchcraft?
What is North America?