Foundational Documents
natural rights - when those aren't protected citizens should alter/abolish the govt
Declaration of Independence
students don't shed rights at schoolhouse gate
Tinker
5 powers of legislative branch
tax, coin $, naturalization, interstate commerce, run post office, copyright, patent, make law, weights and measures
power of the bureaucracy to choose if they enforce or which parts of federal laws to enforce
discretionary authority
states must recognize each others legal documents and court proceedings
full faith and credit
single executive with energy to act quickly and be held accountable
Federalist 70
establish power of courts - case and power
Marbury v Madison - jud review
4 powers of POTUS stated in Constitution
pardon, appt judges, appt ambassadors, state of union, commander in chief, can veto laws
group who helps the President prepare the federal budget (name not just the letters)
Office of Management and Budget
connect citizens and the government - political parties, elections, interest groups,
linkage institution
govt isn't too powerful - sep of power, checks & balances, & federalism
Federalist 51
Engel v Vitale
when SCOTUS accepts a case # of justices - & order to lower cts to send up docs of the case
rule of 4 & writ of certiorari
SCOTUS agrees with the lower courts ruling and doesn't accept a case
stare decisis
theory that multiple and competing groups influence policy and can check the asserted power of the others
pluralist theory
5 weaknesses of Articles of Confederation
states had most power, 1 vote per state, 9/13 make laws, 13/13 to amend, ask troops and taxes
sep but equal has no place in education - case - amendment/clause - & case it overturned
Brown, 14th eq prot, Plessy
3 ways Congress can check the executive branch
impeach, override a veto, not approve presidential appts, congressional oversight of bureaucracy
person responsible for conducting and supervising all SCOTUS cases the U.S. is a party in
solicitor general
fundraising arm of an interest group or union that donates money to help candidates in their campaigns
Political Action Committee
name 6 articles of the Constitution
legislative, executive, judicial, relations among states, amendment process, supremacy of fed gov
Citizens United v FEC, 1st, $ = free speech
3 ways that legislative can check judicial
impeachment, propose constitutional amendment, create federal law, change # of justices, change jurisdiction of the courts
to produce the body - gov must show just cause for holding a person
writ of habeas corpus
weakening party preference and identification that points to a rejection of the two major parties