Replication
A study that is _____is reproducible; this does not mean that the study could hypothetically be replicated, but rather that the result has been repeated.
Replicable
This is the real world; it has high external validity (specifically, high ecological validity).
Field setting
A subdiscipline in psychology focusing on how cultural contexts shape human thinking, feeling, and behavior.
Cultural psychology
A series of related studies conducted by different researchers who have tested similar variables.
Scientific literature
Underreporting null effects
The original study is repeated as closely as possible to determine whether the original effect is found in the new data.
Direct replication (aka exact replication)
This mode is used when researchers want to apply the findings from the sample in the study to a larger population of interest.
Generalization mode
–Contact comfort theory
and
–“Parent-as-grammar-coach” theory
are examples of what "mode" of research?
Theory Testing mode
A statistical analysis that yields a quantitative summary of a scientific literature.
Meta-analysis
HARKing
Hypothesising After Results are Known
Researchers explore the same research question but use different procedures.
Conceptual replication
Another term for ecological validity
mundane realism
A researcher in theory-testing mode focuses on ________ validity, while a researcher in generalization mode focuses on ________ validity.
Internal; External
A meta-analysis might overestimate the true effect size because null effects (or opposite effects) haven’t been included in the analysis
File drawer problem
When researchers analyze data in many different ways, so the result is more likely to be a fluke.
p-hacking
Researchers replicate the original study but add some variables to test additional questions.
Replication-plus-extension
_________ claims are always in generalization mode
Frequency
Typically used when testing association claims or causal claims to investigate whether there is support for a particular theory.
Theory-testing mode
When researchers publish the hypothesis and study design before data collection and analysis begin.
Preregistration
When the ___________ is too small, a few extreme individuals could have a disproportionate influence on means and patterns.
Sample size
Replicability helps interrogate which of the four big validities?
External Validity
An aspect of external validity in which the focus is on whether a laboratory study generalizes to real-world settings
Ecological validity
Sometimes studies conducted in laboratories can feel very real. Their tasks might be similar to tasks we do in the real world, and might make people experience authentic emotions, motivations, and behaviors.
Experimental realism
Studies with large _______ produce estimates that are more precise and replicable.
Sample sizes
_________ do not always consider the importance of replicability.
Journalists