1
Movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.
Diffusion
Primary organ for regulation of fluid and electrolytes
Kidneys
excessive ADH causes too much to be absorbed by kidneys
little urine output, elevated urine specific gravity, decrease in serum Na and osmolarity
SIADH
Your patient is recovering from a parathyroidectomy & is complaining of numbness & tingling around their lips & their face twitches when you tap their cheek. What electrolyte imbalance is the patient likely experiencing?
Hypocalcemia
The client has been vomiting and has had numerous episodes of diarrhea. Which laboratory test is a priority for the nurse to monitor?
Serum sodium
Process of water through a semipermeable membrane from an area of low solute concentration to an area of high solute concentration.
Osmosis
fluid moves from the cells into the vascular space (can create circulatory overload; osmolarity greater than 375
Hypertonic
Decrease or absense of ADH from posterior pituitary, lots of urine with little concentration, with little or no ADH the kidneys cannot preserve water. BP down and pulse UP
D.I
Your patient has had severe nausea with vomiting, & diarrhea for several days. The patient had an NG tube placed on intermittent suction. What major electrolyte imbalance is the patient at risk for?
Hypokalemia
Marie’s serum calcium is 7mg/dL. Which assessment data does the nurse document when a client develops a carpopedal spasm after the blood-pressure cuff is inflated?
A. Positive Trousseau’s sign
B. Positive Chvostek’s sign
C. Tetany
D. Paresthesia
Positive Trousseau’s sign
major force that moves water out of the vascular system at the capillary level
Hydrostatic pressure
coming out of your vessel and going into your cell, fluid moves into the cell.
Na in solution is lower than Na in blood. osmolarity less than 250.
example; NS D5W
Hypotonic
_______ is the most prevalent intracellular cation?
What is potassium?
Which electrolyte balance is associated with acidosis
What is potassium
The nurse will best assess for fluid and electrolyte imbalance by:
A. Intake & output
B. Assessing mucous membranes
C. Assessing for edema
D. Reviewing laboratory values
Reviewing laboratory values
our patient is receiving 0.9% NS infusing at 250 mL/hr. While assessing your patient you note bilateral crackles in the lungs, JVD, swelling in both legs, & the patient has gained 4 lb since yesterday. What complication is likely occurring?
Fluid overload/ edema
Name the type of diuretic that will elicit the greatest degree of diuresis
Loop diuretic
List 3 s/s that indicate HYPOcalcemia
Tetany, paresthesias, laryngeal spasms, seizures, heart block, hypotension, confusion, POSITVE TROUSSEAU and/or CHVOSTEKS SIGN
_______ is the most prevalent extracellular cation?
Insensible fluid losses include:
A. Urine
B. Gastric drainage
C. Perspiration
D. Bleeding
Perspiration