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(4) This layer of Earth’s atmosphere has the highest density of any atmospheric layer and contains most of the water vapor in the atmosphere.
Troposphere
Stratosphere
Mesosphere
Thermosphere
What is troposphere.
(12) This pathogen infects the respiratory system, typically the lungs, and can spread through the air when a person coughs, sneezes, or talks.
Tuberculosis
Zika
Cholera
Malaria
What is tuberculosis.
(22) Which of the following describes a source of methane in the atmosphere?
Aerobic respiration from animals
Anaerobic breakdown of organic material
Evapotranspiration from plants
What is Anaerobic breakdown of organic material.
(30) Which of the following is a negative consequence associated with photovoltaic solar cells?
Smog and ground-level ozone can be created from pollutants released from photovoltaic solar cells during electricity generation.
The manufacture of photovoltaic solar cells involves toxic metals that can be released into the environment.
The installation of photovoltaic solar cells on houses and other buildings can result in the release of chemicals that destroy stratospheric ozone.
What is the manufacture of photovoltaic solar cells involves toxic metals that can be released into the environment.
(39) Which of the following identifies an unintended result from recycling programs?
Recycling is a cost-effective and low-energy process that turns waste into usable goods.
Recycling plastic wrappers from food allows for increased compost material.
When items are placed in recycling that cannot be recycled, the cost of recycling increases.
When materials are recycled, it reduces the need for extracting and processing raw materials.
What is when items are placed in recycling that cannot be recycled, the cost of recycling increases.
(5) This layer of Earth’s atmosphere contains the fewest molecules of the layers shown, and the low density of gas leads to very few molecules transferring heat to an object. In this layer, ultraviolet radiation causes photodissociation of molecules, creating ions.
Stratosphere
Mesosphere
Thermosphere
What is Thermosphere.
(13) Which of the following biogeochemical cycles is correctly paired with its largest reservoir?
The nitrogen cycle and the atmosphere
The phosphorus cycle and bacteria
The carbon cycle and glaciers
What is the nitrogen cycle and the atmosphere.
(23)
Which of the following environmental problems is most often linked to the combustion of fossil fuels?
Cultural eutrophication in surface waters
Thermal inversions in mountainous coastal areas
Photochemical smog formation in the troposphere
Ozone thinning in the stratosphere
What is Photochemical smog formation in the troposphere
(31) Which of the following best explains the impact of climate change on polar regions?
Polar regions are warming more slowly than other regions because the ice and snow keep the air cool.
Polar regions are warming more slowly than other regions because atmospheric circulation wind patterns trap cold air at the poles.
Polar regions are warming more quickly than other regions because more carbon dioxide can dissolve in colder water.
Polar regions are warming more quickly than other regions because warming decreases the coverage of high-albedo ground cover like ice and snow.
What is polar regions are warming more quickly than other regions because warming decreases the coverage of high-albedo ground cover like ice and snow.
(40) Which process in the nitrogen cycle releases nitrogen gas into the atmosphere?
Leaching of fertilizers from agricultural areas
Assimilation of soil nitrates by plants
Bacteria fixation of nitrogen in soil
Denitrification of soil nitrates by bacteria
What is denitrification of soil nitrates by bacteria
(6) This layer of Earth’s atmosphere contains the ozone layer that absorbs the sun's ultraviolet rays.
Stratosphere
Mesosphere
Thermosphere
What is stratosphere.
(15) Which of the following is most likely the source of the radon found in a house?
Radon gas found in bedrock and soil leaked into the home through cracks in the foundation.
Radon found in pressed wood products such as plywood emitted gas into the house.
Radon gas leaked from a malfunctioning fuel-burning appliance, such as a furnace.
Radon gas leaked from open paint and paint products used by the homeowner for repairs.
What is Radon gas found in bedrock and soil leaked into the home through cracks in the foundation.
(25) Which of the following strategies could be used to reduce soil erosion during surface mining of coal?
Adding air filtration systems.
Replanting vegetation.
Removing only low-grade ores.
What is replanting vegetation.
(32) Which of the following is the primary energy source for producers in near-surface marine communities?
Solar energy from the Sun
Carbon dioxide from consumers
Oxygen in the atmosphere
Heat from Earth’s interior
What is Solar energy from the Sun
(44) Which of the following greenhouse gases does not contribute significantly to global climate change because it has a short residence time in the atmosphere?
Carbon dioxide
Methane
Nitrous oxide
Water vapor
What is Water vapor
(10) This pathogen is primarily transmitted by mosquitoes and is found most often in sub-Saharan Africa.
Tuberculosis
Zika
Cholera
Malaria
What is Malaria.
(16) Corn is a crop that grows best in soil that drains well.
Which of the following soils is best suited to grow corn?
Clay because it has at least 45% clay so it absorbs water very well.
Silt loam because it is about 80% silt and has low amounts of sand.
Sandy loam because it has large amounts of sand and less than 20% clay.
Silty clay loam because it has all three soil components.
What is Sandy loam because it has large amounts of sand and less than 20% clay.
(26) Which of the following best achieves the goal of providing wood products for humans while preserving biodiversity?
Clear-cutting of large areas of old-growth forest
Selective cutting of large areas of old-growth forest
Using prescribed burns in large areas of old-growth forest
Planting large tree plantations in abandoned farm fields
What is selective cutting of large areas of old-growth forest
(36) Scientists are looking for new locations to generate electricity using geothermal energy. Which of the following locations would be the best choice for a geothermal energy generating plant?
Near tectonic plate boundaries
Near fossil fuel resources
Near the equator
Near warm ocean currents
What is near tectonic plate boundaries
(45) Which of the following is a primary cause of El Niño climate variations?
Reversals of Hadley cell circulation in the Atlantic Ocean
Increased dust blowing into the Atlantic Ocean from the Sahara desert
Warmer surface waters in the Pacific Ocean
Reduced deep-water upwelling in the Pacific Ocean
What is Warmer surface waters in the Pacific Ocean
(11) This pathogen infects the intestine and is spread through contaminated water or food.
Zika
Cholera
Malaria
What is Cholera.
(17) The excessive pumping of groundwater from wells can influence the water levels below ground. Which of the following is more likely to occur in aquifers in coastal areas than in aquifers in other regions?
Upward movement of the water table
Saltwater intrusion into the aquifers
The formation of a cone of depression
An increased rate of recharge from precipitation
What is Saltwater intrusion into the aquifers.
(29) Which of the following agricultural practices would most likely lead to improved water quality in nearby streams and rivers?
Using crop rotation in fields
Using nitrogen and phosphorous fertilizers
Converting crop fields to cattle pasture
Clear-cutting areas around crop fields
What is using crop rotation in fields
(37) Increased use of which of the following technologies would cause the greatest reduction in the primary source of photochemical smog?
Electrostatic precipitator
Catalytic converter
Carbon sequestration
Methane collection system
What is Catalytic converter
(49) Which of the following best describes why secondary succession generally occurs more quickly than primary succession?
Secondary succession is not hindered by the presence of any existing vegetation, but primary succession is.
Secondary succession takes place in areas that already have soil and nutrients in place, whereas primary succession occurs in areas that lack soil.
Secondary succession includes the return of plants and animal species, whereas primary succession includes only the return of plants.
Secondary succession requires pioneer species, including lichen and mosses, in the earliest stages, but primary succession does not.
What is secondary succession takes place in areas that already have soil and nutrients in place, whereas primary succession occurs in areas that lack soil.