Intro to Substitution & Elimination Reactions
These are the two major types of reactions that occur when a nucleophile attacks an alkyl halide.
What are substitution and elimination reactions?
This type of reaction results in the removal of a leaving group and a proton from the same carbon, resulting in the formation of a double bond.
What is an elimination reaction?
This is the type of substitution reaction that occurs when the attacking nucleophile replaces the leaving group in a one-step process.
What is SN2?
This type of reaction involves the substitution of one functional group with another, typically resulting in the formation of a new bond to the carbon atom.
What is a substitution reaction?
This is the type of elimination reaction that occurs when a strong base removes a proton from the β-carbon and the leaving group departs in a one-step process.
What is E2?
This type of elimination reaction involves the removal of a leaving group and a proton from adjacent carbon atoms, resulting in the formation of a double bond.
What is an E1 reaction?
This is the type of mechanism that occurs when the attacking nucleophile and the leaving group depart in separate steps, with a carbocation intermediate.
What is SN1?
Substitution reactions result in the replacement of a leaving group by a nucleophile or a neutral molecule, while elimination reactions result in the formation of a double bond.
What is the overall difference between substitution and elimination reactions?
SN1 reactions proceed via a two-step mechanism that includes a carbocation intermediate, while SN2 reactions proceed via a one-step mechanism. SN1 reactions prefer tertiary substrates while SN2 reactions prefer primary substrates.
What is the difference between SN1 and SN2 reactions in terms of reaction mechanism and substrate type?
E1 reactions proceed via a two-step mechanism that includes a carbocation intermediate, while E2 reactions proceed via a one-step mechanism. E1 reactions prefer tertiary substrates while E2 reactions prefer primary substrates.
What is the difference between E1 and E2 reactions in terms of reaction mechanism and substrate type?
This is the key difference between substitution and elimination reactions.
What is the fate of the leaving group?
This is the type of mechanism that occurs in SN1 reactions.
What is a two-step mechanism?
In this type of elimination reaction, a proton is removed from a beta-carbon, forming a double bond and a leaving group.
What is an E2 reaction?
SN1 reactions proceed via a two-step mechanism that includes a carbocation intermediate and prefer polar protic solvents. E1 reactions also proceed via a two-step mechanism that includes a carbocation intermediate and prefer polar aprotic solvents.
What is the difference between SN1 and E1 reactions in terms of reaction mechanism and solvent choice?